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보상의 크기와 지연되는 시간에 따른 ADHD 아동의 지연혐오 동기

ADHD Children’s Delay Aversion Motive According to Size of Compensation and Delay Time

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초록

본 연구는 ADHD 아동들과 ADHD 성향 아동들이 보이는 지연혐오 동기가 보상의 크기 및 지연되는 시간에 따라 어떻게 달라질 수 있는지를 살펴보기 위한 실험으로 구성되어 있다. 연구대상 아동들은 부산과 경남 지역의 초등학교 1∼6학년에 재학 중인 ADHD(n=20), ADHD 성향(n=20), 정상통제(n=20) 아동 60명이었다. 측정도구로는 보상의 크기와 지연되는 시간을 세분화시킨 수정된 선택-지연과제를 사용하였다. 연구결과 보상크기 조건에서는 보상의 크기와 관계없이 ADHD 아동들과 ADHD 성향 아동들의 지연혐오 동기가 뚜렷하였다. 지연시간 조건에서는 10초 정도 지연되는 경우에는 세 집단의 아동들 모두 기다려서 좀 더 많은 보상을 받는 쪽을 선택하였지만 20초 이상 지연되는 경우에는 ADHD 아동들과 ADHD 성향 아동들 모두 지연되는 상황을 참지 못하고 이러한 상황을 회피하며 즉각적인 보상을 받는 쪽을 선택하였다. 이는 ADHD 아동들과 ADHD 성향 아동들이 보상의 크기와 지연되는 시간에 매우 민감함을 시사한다. 따라서 우선적으로 지연혐오 동기를 뚜렷하게 보이는 ADHD 아동에게는 보상과 시간에 대한 민감성을 완화시킬 수 있도록 하는 것이 좋겠다. 또한 이들의 동기적인 특성을 고려하여 행동수정 기법에 활용한다면 더욱 효과적인 치료나 학습이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

Abstract

This work is comprised of experiments to look into how the motivation of delay aversion, which appears to children with ADHD and ADHD tendency, changes according to the size of compensation and delay time. The study subjects of this work were 60 children who were in the 1st to 6th grade of elementary schools in Busan and Gyeonggnam. Of them, ADHD(n=20), ADHD tendency (n=20), normal control(n=20). As a measurement tool, Choice–Delay Task-Revision which includes more subdivided compensation size and delay time was used. As a result, in condition of compensation size, delay aversion motive of children with ADHD and ADHD tendency was marked in comparison of children with normal control without reference to size of compensation. In condition of delay time, children of all three groups tended to choose waiting and then receiving much more compensation in case of delaying 10 seconds, but children with ADHD and ADHD tendency cannot have suppressed delay situation, so evaded such situation and chosen immediate compensation in case of delaying more than 20 seconds. Such result implied children with ADHD and ADHD tendency are very susceptible to size of compensation and delay time in comparison with children with normal control. Therefore, if someone intervenes in children with ADHD showing delay aversion motive distinctly to ease susceptibility about compensation and time, it will be big help. Also, if children with ADHD’s motivational characteristic is used to technique for behavior modification, more effective treatment or study will be possible.

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