또래주도 놀이 활동이 자폐스펙트럼장애 아동의 친사회적 행동과 대인관계에 미치는 효과
The Effect of the Peer Initiation Play Activities on the Positive Social Actions and Personal Relations of Autism Spectrum Disorder Children
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초록
본 연구는 또래 아동 3명이 주도하는 놀이 활동 속에서 자폐스펙트럼장애 아동의 친사회적 행동과 대인관계의 변화를 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 자료 수집은 친사회적 행동평가를 나누기, 놀이조직, 도움주기, 언어, 운동/제스처로 구분된 행동으로 하였으며, 또래 아동 주도의 놀이 활동에서 대상 아동의 놀이 행동을 관찰하기 위해 만든 행동 관찰기록지에 그 행동 양상과 빈도를 기록하여 각 놀이 활동별로 사전·실험·사후·일반화 검사에서 비교·평가하여 기술하였다. 대인관계의 변화는 E-CLAC를 사용하여 사전·사후검사로 비교·평가하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 아동은 사전검사 기간에 나타낸 혼자놀이를 놀이 횟수가 늘어감에 따라 활동에 참가하는 상호작용 행동을 보이며, 또래 아동들과 친사회적 행동이 점차 증가하였다. 둘째, 사전, 사후로 비교해 본 대상 아동의 부모, 형제자매, 다른 어른들과의 대인관계 면에서는 각 한 단계씩의 향상을 나타냈고, 다른 아이들과의 대인관계에서는 두 단계의 진전을 보였다. 따라서 자폐스펙트럼장애 아동들과 일반 또래 아동들과 함께 놀이 활동을 할 수 있는 다양한 프로그램 개발연구를 위한 제언을 하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in social engagement and interpersonal relations of a child with ASD during the play activities initiated by 3 typically developing peers. Data on sharing, play organizing, peer assistance, verbal/vocal and motor/gestural interaction of the child during play activities were collected for the measurement of the social engagement. Play activities included block-stacking, playing instruments, ball play and play-doh, which were typical for their ages. The topography and frequency of the target behaviors were recorded on the data observation sheets during the conditions of baseline, play activities, post-play activities and generalization. For interpersonal relations, E-CLAC was used to measure, compare and evaluate the before-after data. Results indicated the following: First, as the session continued, the child demonstrated the increased engagement with play activities and social engagement with peers. Next, the interpersonal relations of the child with parents, siblings and other adults were enhanced so that they reached to the upper level; those with peers jumped to the two upper level. Further study is needed to develop more diverse programs of play activities for both children with ASD and their typically developing peers.
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