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목표 갈등의 해결 과정으로서 자기통제

Self-control as the Process of Goal Conflict Resolution

민윤기|신수경
한국심리학회 (The Korean Psychological Association)|2011.06|한국심리학회지:일반 (Korean Journal of Psychology: General)|제30권 제2호|pp. 525-542

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참고문헌

키워드

self-control자기조절력자기통제역작용적 통제목표 갈등(양가감정)self-regulatory strengthcounteractive controlgoal conflict(ambivalence)
주제분류심리과학

초록

지금까지 자기통제 영역의 연구들은 대부분 자기통제 발휘 여부를 간접적인 방식으로 측정해 왔다. 본 연구에서는 점화 과제라는 인지 과제로 자기통제 발휘 여부를 직접적으로 측정한 자기통제 이론들을 다중 목표 관계의 관점에서 개관하였다. 먼저 세 가지 자기 통제 이론들, 즉 자기 조절력 모형, 역작용적 통제 이론, 그리고 목표 갈등 이론들을 중심으로 자기통제의 정의와 의의, 자기통제 성공과 실패의 의미, 성공적 및 비성공적인 자기통제자의 특성, 자기통제의 과정, 자기통제 발휘 과정에서 중요한 요인들을 비교하였다. 이들 세 이론을 바탕으로, 본 개관에서는 자기통제를 목표 갈등(양가감정)을 해결하는 과정으로 정의하고, 자기통제 과정에서 중요한 요인인 유혹과 목표 갈등에 대해 논의하였다. 또한 자기통제 과정이 사람의 유전적 배경, 과거 경험과 학습, 환경에 의해 영향을 받을 수 있는 역동적 과정임을 강조하고, 자기통제를 발휘하는 개인차와 개인의 특성, 조절변인들이 자기통제의 성패에 미치는 영향에 대해서도 논의하였다. 끝으로 향후 연구 방향을 제시하였다.

Abstract

Until now, most researches in self-control area have measured indirectly the exertion of self-control. From the perspective of the multiple goal-relation, we reviewed three self-control theories, such as self-regulatory strength model, counteractive control theory, goal conflict theory, that measured directly the exertion of self-control using the priming task among cognitive tasks. From three theories, we summarized core concepts and assumptions, including implications and definition of self-control, meaning of self-control success or failure, characteristics of successful or unsuccessful self-controls, process of self-control, and important determinants in the self-control exertion. Based on these three self-control theories, this review, defined the self-control as the process of goal conflict resolution, suggests that very important factors are temptation (lower order goal) and goal conflict (ambivalence) in self-control process. Also we emphasized the dynamic process that the self-control would be affected by individual's genetic background, past experience and learning, and environment or context. We also discussed about individual difference in self-control exertion and possibility that the important factors in self-control success and failure process may be related by various moderators, such as goal importance, goal expectancy, and self-efficacy. Finally, we proposed some directions for future research in this area.

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