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아동학대 및 방임 예방을 위한 근거기반 프로그램에 대한 논의와 제언

Evidence-based prevention programs in child abuse and neglect programs

이주영|김현경|정다빈
한국심리학회 (The Korean Psychological Association)|2020.10|한국심리학회지:일반 (Korean Journal of Psychology: General)|제39권 제3호|pp. 421-443|DOI https://doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2020.9.39.3.421

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키워드

효과성근거기반(evidence-based) 프로그램아동학대 및 방임evidence-based programchild abuse and neglectintervention effects
주제분류심리과학

초록

최근 아동학대 및 방임이 우리 사회의 큰 이슈로 대두되면서 정부는 이에 대한 예방 대책과 지원방안 마련에 부심하고 있고, 이에 대응하여 여러 프로그램이 개발되어 피해 아동, 가족, 그리고 가해자에게 실행되기 시작하였다. 그러나 국내에서 개발된 아동학대와 방임 예방 및 중재 프로그램들이 어느 정도의 근거(evidence)를 기반으로 하고 있는지, 그리고 프로그램이 기대한 효과를 거두고 있는지 확인하기 어려운 상황이다. 이와 반대로, 미국에서는 무선할당 통제실험(Randomized Controlled Trial)을 통해 효과성이 검증된 ‘근거기반(evidence-based)’ 프로그램들이 다양한 맥락에서 시행되어 아동학대 및 방임의 예방과 중재에 유의한 효과를 거두고 있다. 본 연구에서는 아동학대 및 방임 예방과 중재에 효과적이라고 검증된 미국의 주요 근거기반 프로그램들을 소개하고, 국내의 아동학대 및 방임 관련 프로그램의 효과를 조사한 연구들을 검토함으로써, 근거기반 프로그램의 개발과 현장 적용의 중요성에 대한 국내 연구자와 관련자들의 인식을 높이고자 하였다. 또한, 이상의 검토를 바탕으로 국내에서 아동학대 및 방임을 예방하고 재발을 방지하는데 효과적인 근거기반 프로그램의 정착을 위해 필요한 정책적 제언을 하고자 하였다.

Abstract

There have been growing concerns about child abuse and neglect in Korea, which has prompted the government to develop various measures to prevent or reduce them. However, few of the programs can be characterized as evidence-based and it has been difficult to evaluate efficacy or effectiveness of the programs. The purpose of the present study was to review 'evidence-based' prevention and intervention programs that have been rated as effective by several clearinghouses in preventing and/or reducing child abuse and neglect in the US. The present study also reviewed 3 programs that were aimed at preventing child abuse and neglect and published in Korea between 1999 to 2018. Drawn upon the discussions of these programs in the US and Korea, we made recommendations for future research to promote the development and implementation of evidence-based programs that are aimed to prevent child abuse and neglect in Korea.

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