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144,000명(계 7:3-8)에서 단 지파가 생략된 이유

The Reason for Deleting the Name of Dan from the List of 144,000 (Revelation 7:3-8)

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한국복음주의신학회 (Korea Evangelical Theological Society)|2019.10|성경과 신학 (Bible and Theology)|제92권 |pp. 61-94|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.17156/BT.92.03

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intertext000명000144단 지파적그리스도외적 간본문간본문내적 간본문the tribe Danantichristextratextintratext
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초록

요한이 보았던 144,000명에 대한 환상(계 7)은 여섯째 인의 개봉(계 6:12-17) 과 일곱째 인의 개봉(계 8:1) 사이에 끼어든 내용으로서, 성부와 성자의 진노 를 견딜 수 있는 사람들은 누구인가라는 질문(계 6:17)에 답을 준다(참고. 계 9:4). 그런데 여기서 오래된 질문, “하나님의 인침을 받는 종들인 144,000명에 단 지파는 왜 생략되었는가?”를 다시 연구할 필요가 있다. 이 질문에 대한 기존의 연구는 충분한 해답을 제공하기에 미흡한 점이 있었는데, 이 글에서 는 계시록 7장의 외적 상호텍스트(extratext; 이하 ‘간본문’)에 해당하는 교부 들의 증언과 유대문헌(예. 단의 유언), 구약 간본문(intertext), 요한계시록 안의 내적 간본문(intratext)을 차례로 연구하고, 요한 당시의 단과 관련된 사 회문화적 간본문도 살핀다. 마지막으로 단 지파가 144,000명에서 생략된 이 유를 요한계시록의 기록 목적에 비추어 연구한다. 이 글은 계시록 7장에서 단 지파가 생략된 이유는 계시록이 매우 경계하는 우상숭배 및 황제숭배와 깊은 관련이 있고, 예수 그리스도께서 출생하실 유 다 지파는 단 지파가 분배 받은 대부분의 지역을 차지했으며, 유다와 레위를 강조하면서 단을 생략하는 구약 본문(대상 4-8)의 영향을 반영하며, 요한은 창세기 49:16-17의 뱀을 계시록의 용(사탄)과 연결하여 부정적으로 해석했을수 있다. 그리고 계시록 7장의 12지파 목록에 나타난 기독론적이며 반(反) 단 지파적 해석은 속사도 시대 이후에 벌어진 기독교의 반 유대주의적인 메시아 논의에 영향을 미쳤음을 논증한다.

Abstract

The vision of 144,000 people (Rev. 7) in between the opening vision of the 6th seal of the scroll (Rev. 6:12-17) and the 7th seal (Rev.8:1) gives the answer to the question of Revelation 6:17: “Who will endure the wrath of the One who sits on the throne and the Lamb?”(cf. Rev. 9:4). Here, an old question, “Why is the tribe of Dan omitted from Revelation 7:5-8?”, requires fresh research to give an answer. Until now, the proposed solutions to this question are not sufficient or convincing. The aim of this paper is to solve this problem by investigating (1) extratexts from the church fathers and the Jewish literature in the 2nd Temple period, (2) OT intertexts, (3) intratexts, and (4) socio-cultural intertexts. Finally, (5) the reason for the omission of Dan from Revelation 7 is discovered by the written purpose of Revelation. This study concludes that the tribe Dan is omitted by John, because (1) its intimate connection with idolatry and emperor worship, (2) the tribe of Judah from which Christ was born conquered the allotted territory for Dan, (3) the influence on the Apostle John of the genealogy in 1 Chronicles 4-8 which focuses on the tribes of Judah and Levi instead of Dan, and (4) John’s christological and messianic interpretation of Genesis 49:8-9, 16-17. The anti-Danites interpretation of Revelation 7 would have influenced the anti-Jewish messianic polemic of the church fathers from the 2nd century onwards.

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