일본의 의무교육비 국고부담제 개혁과 시사점

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to introduce Redesigning System of state-subsidized funding for compulsory education in Japan and suggest the instruction to Korea. The Central Council for Education has issued a report titled 「Redesigning Compulsory Education for a New Era」(2005.10.26) the product of deliberations conducted in keeping with an agreement between the government and the ruling parties concluded in November 2004. Reform of Japan's compulsory education system will be implemented henceforth on the basis of the recommendations in this report. The Key points of this report are as follows. 1. Approach the improvement and enhancement of compulsory education as an element of national strategy. 2. Implement reforms that decentralize authority and provide greater discretion and latitude to municipalities and schools (such as by transferring authority over personnel and class composition to municipalities). 3. Maintain the central government's responsibility for the basic infrastructure of compulsory education. including courses of study. teacher training. and guaranteed funding. and for the analysis of the educational outcomes including the assessment of academic ability. 4. Maintain Japan's system of state-subsidized funding for compulsory education through national and local burden sharing while further expanding local discretion. Strategy 1 is to guarantee education quality by setting clear goals and examining outcomes(Clarifying the mission of compulsory education and improving content). Strategy 2 is to develop unshakeable trust in Japan teachers improving. Strategy 3 is to improve the quality of education by giving local authorities and schools more autonomy and encouraging them to innovate(reforming at the school and school-board level). and Strategy 4 is to creating optimum conditions for education. Conclusions of the Central Council for Education are as follows. 1. Even if compulsory education funding were shifted to general-revenue funding. this would not increase local educational autonomy (e.g. flexibility with regard to class composition) as the six organizations suggest(it would only increase the freedom to cut education spending). 2. The kind of education that the six organizations propose can be achieved by increasing the autonomy of municipalities and schools (as recommended in this report). 3. Treating lower secondary school teacher salaries differently from elementary school teacher salaries by shifting the former only to general-revenue funding has no rational basis and is inappropriate. At the chapter Ⅴ, I criticized the Redesigning System of state-subsidized funding for compulsory education in Japan and suggest the instruction to Korea at five points of view.