열왕기와 역대기의 요아스 기사 비교를 통해 본 역대기 저자의 의도

Abstract

The reign of Joash, the king of Judah, is recorded in 2 Kings 11:21-12:21 and its parallel passage, 2 Chronicles 24:1-27. Overall, though the Chronicler follows the Joash narrative in Kings, the Chronicler modifies and complements the Kings’ passage in several places. The purpose of this article is to compare and analyze the Joash passages of Kings and Chronicles, and find out the Chronicler’s intention in these alterations. For the effective comparison, in chapter II, I have first searched for the Chronicler’s intention reflected in the parallel passages of Kings and Chronicles, and in chapter III, I investigated the Chronicler’s own passages (Sondergut) in order to detect the Chronicler’s intention. The following four points are the Chronicler’s intentions revealed in the comparison. First, the Chronicler took Kings as the Vorlage and reconstructed the Joash narrative based on the frame of the Chronicler’s major theme, immediate retribution. Joash’s idolatry and the death of Zechariah in 2 Chronicles 24:15-22, which is the Chronicler Sondergut, provides the cause of the following Aramean invasion and Joash’s death. In particular, Zechariah’s rebuke in 2 Chronicles 24:20, “Because you have forsaken Yahweh, he has forsaken you” epitomizes the theology of retribution in the Joash narrative. Second, the Chronicler stressed the importance of the temple, priests, Levites, and sacrifices through the modifications of the Kings passage. The Chronicler highlighted Jehoiada’s positive influence upon Joash’s life, and his honorary death. Also the Chronicler added Levites as the temple managers along with priests. The duty of temple tax, and the need for the temple vessels for sacrifice are underlined by the Chronicler. Third, the Chronicler revealed the significance of David and the Davidic kingdom by altering the Joash narrative in Kings. Since the Chronicler had an interests in writing the history southern Judah, which is the Davidic kingdom, the Chronicler omitted the northern Israel’s king when he introduced the enthronment of Joash. The reason for the Chronicler addition of Joash’s having children is to show the restoration of Davidic line. Fourth, the Chronicler complemented the Kings passage to make the Joash narrative more precise. In Chronicles, the role of collecting the temple tax was given to Levites and the chore of carrying the offering box for the temple repair was entrusted to the officer of the chief priest.