중학생용 한국형 학교생활참여척도의 개발 및 타당화
Development and Validation of the Korean School Engagement Scale for Middle School Students
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이 연구의 목적은 우리나라 중학생에게 적합한 학교생활참여척도를 개발하고 타당화하는 데 있다. 외국에서 개발된 원척도를 번안하여 사용할 때 발생할 수 있는 구인 편향의 문제를 극복하기 위하여, 중학생 대상의 자유응답형 질문지 조사와 3차에 걸친 전문가 포커스집단 면접을 통해 중학생용 한국형 학교생활참여척도(K-SES:M) 예비검사 90문항을 작성하였다. 이 연구의 척도 개발 및 타당화는 크게 두 단계를 거쳐 이루어졌다. 첫째, 대도시와 읍면지역 중학교 1, 2, 3학년 1,036명으로부터 수집된 자료에 대해 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 학교생활만족감, 학교교육가치감, 규칙준수행동, 교과외활동, 또래관계, 교사학생관계, 수업집중, 자기조절학습의 8개 하위요인에 해당하는 48문항이 최종 선정되었다. 각 하위요인의 문항내적일관성지수는 양호한 수준이었다. 둘째, 하위요인 간 상관분석, 공인타당도 분석 및 요인모형의 비교를 시도하였다. 그 결과, 8개 하위요인간 상관은 중간～높은 수준에 속하였고, 기존의 학교참여척도 및 학업열의척도와 유의한 정적 상관을 보여 양호한 공인타당도를 가진 것으로 나타났다. 또한 선행연구에 근거하여 정서적, 행동적, 사회적, 학업적 참여를 2차 요인으로, 8개 하위요인을 1차 요인으로 설정한 확인적 요인분석의 결과, 2차 4요인 모형과 2차 1요인 모형에 비해 1차 8요인 모형의 적합도가 가장 양호하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 중학생용 한국형 학교생활참여척도는 비교적 신뢰롭고 타당하며, 우리나라 중학생들이 학교공부와 학교생활에 참여하는 다양한 측면을 이해하고 평가하는데 중요한 시사점을 제공할 것으로 기대된다. 끝으로, 이 연구의 제한점과 후속연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop the Korean School Engagement Scale for Middle School Students (K-SES:M) and to test its reliability and validity. Free-response questionnaire surveys and focus group interviews, which were conducted to overcome the construct bias resulting from the use of translated scales, yielded 90 pilot items. These items were administered to 1,036 middle school students in Grades 7 to 9 and the data were analyzed through exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analyses, correlational analyses, and concurrent validity analyses. The Korean School Engagement Scale for Middle School Students consisted of 48 items, which were divided into 8 subscales (i.e., satisfaction with school life, valuing of schoolwork, rule compliance, extracurricular activities, peer relations, student-teacher relations, attentiveness during instructional activities, self-regulated learning). Internal consistency reliabilities of the subscales were high, and positive correlations among the subscales were statistically significant. The eight subscales of the Korean School Engagement Scale for Middle School Students were positively correlated with the subscales of the School Engagement Measure and the Korean Academic Engagement Inventory. The results from confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the fit of the first-order eight-factor model was better than the second-order four-factor model and the second-order one-factor model. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that the Korean School Engagement Scale for Middle School Students may be a reliable and valid measure and may be useful for understanding and assessing various aspects of middle school students’ engagement with school. Limitations of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.
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