본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

보상형 크라우드 펀딩: 프로젝트의 펀딩 성공 이후 보상 약속 이행에 영향을 미치는 요인

Reward-based Crowdfunding: The Influential Factors of Delivering Promised Rewards after Successful Fundraising

0

조회

0

다운로드

15

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

지난 십여년간 크라우드 펀딩은 새로운 대안 금융 수단으로써 각광을 받아왔다. 소규모의 행사나 공연에서부터 첨단 제품의 생산, 그리고 더 나아가서는 거대한 건설이나 도시계획 프로젝트에 자금지원을 하는 등 크라우드 펀딩의 범위는 나날이 넓어지고 있다. 특히 보상형 크라우드 펀딩은 기존 금융권을 통하여 자금을 모집하는데 어려움을 겪었던 여러 창의적인 제품과 서비스가 탄생할 수 있게 하였다. 이와 같이 펀딩의 규모와 범위가 커지는 상황에서 성공적으로 모금한 후원금을 우수한 품질의 결과물로 보상해야 할 필요성 또한 증대되었다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 보상형 크라우드 펀딩을 통하여 자금이 모금된 이후 제안된 프로젝트가 기획된 제품이나 서비스를 성공적으로 전달하였는지에 주목하여 프로젝트의 완료에 대해 논한다. 또한 프로젝트의 성공적인 완료를 저해하는 위험요소를 정의하고 이에 따른 대응책을 찾을 수 있는 연구에 주인-대리인(principal-agent) 이론이 제시하는 정보의 비대칭성(information asymmetry), 과도한 탐사(over-exploration), 낮은 재활용성(low redeployability)과 의사결정이론(judgment and decision making theory)이 제시하는 군집 행동(herd behavior), 과도한 자신감 효과(overconfidence effect), 프레이밍 효과(framing effect)등이 적절히 활용될 수 있음을 제안한다. 마지막으로 성공적인 모금 이후 프로젝트를 완료하는데 실패했다고 평가되는 프로젝트들을 제안된 이론들을 통하여 분석한다.

Abstract

During recent decades, crowdfunding has been spotlighted as an alternative financial tool. The range of projects funded by crowdfunding has been expanding as well: small events, producing products with new technology, and large scale construction and civil engineering projects. In particular, reward-based crowdfunding made it possible for many innovative products and services to be launched, which had been suffering difficulties in getting funded through traditional methods of finance. As the size and range of funding is increasing, it is more important that crowdfunding projects deliver high quality outputs after successful funding. In this study, we discuss the success factors of crowdfunding projects in terms of whether they delivered the products or services as suggested and promised. We suggest that the principal-agent theory (information asymmetry, over-exploration and low redeployability), and the judgment and decision making theory(herd behavior, overconfidence effect and framing effect) can be utilized to define risk factors in the completion of the project; and to find solutions to reduce and remove the risk factors. Finally we utilize the theories suggested to analyze the projects regarded as failures of completion after successful funding.

참고문헌 (53)

  1. 김재영, "크라우드 펀딩을 활용한 건설 산업기술개발 활성화 가능성 검토", 건설경제, 80, pp.58~69 (2015)
  2. 임지원, "한국형 크라우드 펀딩에 대한 연구", 한국경영학회, 한국경영학회 통합학술발표논문집, pp.102~124 (2014)
  3. 조유리, "크라우드 펀딩 활성화 방안 연구", 방송통신정책연구, 14 (2014)
  4. The Crowdfunding Platform: The ‘Alliance Manager’ in Bringing Together Donors and Project Leaders, "Abdellatif, T.", ~ (2015)
  5. Some simple economics of crowdfunding, "Agrawal, A. K.", National Bureau of Economic Research, ~, pp.National Bureau of Economic Research, No.w19133 (2013)
  6. Atkinson, R, "Project Management : Cost, Time and Quality, Two Best Guesses and a Phenomenon, Its Time to Accept Other Success Criteria", International Journal of Project Management, 17(6), pp.337~342 (1999)
  7. Banerjee, A. V., "A Simple Model of Herd Behavior", The Quarterly Journal of Economics, pp.797~817 (1992)
  8. Belleflamme, P., "Crowdfunding : Tapping the Right Crowd", Journal of Business Venturing, 29(5), pp.585~609 (2014)
  9. Bhide A., "Bootstrap Finance : the Art of Startups", Harvard Business Review, 70, pp.109~117 (1992)
  10. Motivations for Crowdfunding: What Drives the Crowd to Invest in Start-Ups?, "Bretschneider, U.", ~ (2014)
  11. Chesbrough, H. W., "Making Sense of Corporate Venture Capital", Harvard Business Review, 80, pp.90~99 (2002)
  12. 최병철, "PLATFORM LEADERSHIP IN BUSINESS ECOSYSTEM AND RESOURCE DEPENDENCE THEORY", 한국경영공학회지, 19(4), pp.147~157 (2014), 한국경영공학회
  13. Dingman, S., "Canadian's Smartwatch Startup Matches Record $15-million in VC Funding", The Globe and Mail, 16 (2013)
  14. Gerber, E. M., "Crowdfunding: Why People are Motivated to Post and Fund Projects on Crowdfunding Platforms", Proceedings of the International Workshop on Design, Influence, and Social Technologies: Techniques, Impacts and Ethics (2012)
  15. Gonzalez, A., "AG sues Kickstarter Project that Didn't Deliver", Seattle Times, ~ (2014)
  16. Graham, J. R., "The Theory and Practice of Corporate Finance : Evidence from the Field", Journal of Financial Economics, 60(2), pp.187~243 (2001)
  17. A Snapshot on Crowdfunding, "Hemer, J.", ~, pp.Working papers firms and region (No. R2 (2011), 2011)
  18. 허대식, "구매기업의 공급기업 통합이 시장대응성에 미치는 효과: 내부통합과 가치일치성의 조절효과를 중심으로", 한국생산관리학회지, 26(4), pp.485~510 (2015), 한국생산관리학회
  19. Hurst, S, "Kickstarter Success myIDkey Loses Funding Before Product Ships to All Backers", Crowdfund Insider (2014)
  20. Howe, J., "Crowdsourcing. Why the Power of the Crowd is Driving Future of Business" (2008), Three Rivers Press
  21. Hwang, I, "Selection of Scheduling Heuristic Rules Using Neural Networks in Project Scheduling", Journal of the Korean Production and Operations Management Society, 10(2), pp.19~33 (1999)
  22. Jensen, M. C., "Agency Cost of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers", Corporate Finance, and Takeovers, American Economic Review, 76(2) (1986)
  23. Jensen, M. C., "The Modern Industrial Re-Volution, Exit, and the Failure of Internal Control Systems", the Journal of Finance, 48(3), pp.831~880 (1993)
  24. Jensen, M. C., "Theory of the Firm : Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure", Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), pp.305~360 (1976)
  25. 정의범, "공급사슬통합 수준과 모니터링 유형의 적합성에 대한 실증 연구", 한국생산관리학회지, 26(4), pp.511~530 (2015), 한국생산관리학회
  26. John, Y. J, "Project Scheduling in a Fuzzy Environment", Journal of the Korean Production and Operations Management Society, 5(1), pp.1~15 (1994)
  27. Johnston, C, "Kickstarter Project Spent $3.5M to Finish a Working Prototype - and Ended in Disaster", Ars Technica, ~ (2014)
  28. Johnston, C, "The Ugly Afterlife of Crowdfunding Projects that Never Ship and Never End", Ars Technica, ~ (2014)
  29. 김인희, "구매기업의 공급기업관계지향성이 공급기업 통합활동과 운영성과 개선에 미치는 영향: 전자, 수송, 기계 산업을 중심으로", 한국생산관리학회지, 26(2), pp.149~171 (2015), 한국생산관리학회
  30. 김성홍, "신제품개발과정에서 공급사슬통합이 기업성과에 미치는 영향", 한국생산관리학회지, 24(4), pp.537~561 (2013), 한국생산관리학회[DOI]
  31. Kraut, R. E., "Building Successful Online Communities: Evidencebased social design", pp.21~76 (2011)
  32. Crowdfunding Creative Ideas: The Dynamics of Project Backers in Kickstarter, "Kuppuswamy, V", UNC Kenan Flagler, ~ (2014)
  33. 권혁인, "크라우드펀딩의 성공·실패 사례분석 : 커뮤니티 아트 프로젝트를 중심으로", 한국콘텐츠학회 논문지, 14(7), pp.125~136 (2014), 한국콘텐츠학회[DOI]
  34. Leary, M. T., "The Pecking Order, Debt Capacity, and Information Asymmetry", Journal of Financial Economics, 95(3), pp.332~355 (2010)
  35. 이은희, "경쟁하의 전자상거래 플랫폼의 수익 구조 분석", 한국생산관리학회지, 25(1), pp.47~63 (2014), 한국생산관리학회
  36. 이정은, "크라우드펀딩 사이트의 게시글 정보가 펀딩 성공에 미치는 영향", 한국콘텐츠학회 논문지, 14(6), pp.54~62 (2014), 한국콘텐츠학회[DOI]
  37. Limer, E., "The $1.5 Million Indiegogo Smartwatch Horror Story" (2014), Gizmodo
  38. "2015CF Crowdfunding Industry Report" (2015)[URL]
  39. Mollick, E., "The Dynamics of Crowdfunding : An Exploratory Study", Journal of Business Venturing, 29(1), pp.1~16 (2014)
  40. After the Campaign: Outcomes of Crowdfunding, "Mollick, E.", UNC Kenan-Flagler, ~ (2014)
  41. Mundy, J., "5 Big-money Crowdfunding Projects that Failed", Trusted Reviews (2014)
  42. Oisen, R. P, "Can Project Management Be Defined?", Project Management Quarterly, 2(1), pp.12~14 (1971)
  43. Pallier, G., "The Role of Individual Differences in the Accuracy of Confidence Judgments", The Journal of General Psychology, 129(3), pp.257~299 (2002)
  44. Sablan, K., "Arkami Leaves Backers of myIDkey Empty-handed", The Orange County Register, ~ (2014)
  45. Schroter, W., "Top 10 Business Crowdfunding Campaigns Of All Time", Forbes, ~ (2014)
  46. Shin, G., "The Relationship between Project Management Characteristics and New Project Development Process : A Comparative Study Between Korean and Japanese Firms", Journal of the Korean Production and Operations Management Society, 12(1), pp.161~187 (2001)
  47. Stevenson, W, "Operations management", pp.2011, McGraw-Hill
  48. Tversky, A, "The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice", Science, 211(4481), pp.453~458 (1981)
  49. Williamson, O. E., "Corporate Finance and Corporate Governance", The Journal of Finance, 43(3), pp.567~591 (1988)
  50. Zacharakis, A. L., "The Nature of Information and Overconfidence on Venture Capitalists' Decision Making", Journal of Business Venturing, 16(4), pp.311~332 (2001)
  51. Zacharakis, A., "Want to Teach or Research Crowdfunding? Consider These Key Concepts", Bobson Insight, Bobson College, ~ (2013)
  52. Zorn, M, "Crowdfunding Success Rates by Category", Visionlaunch, ~ (2014)
  53. Zhang, J., "Rational Herding in Microloan Markets", Management Science, 58(5), pp.892~912 (2012)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (6건)