이슬람의 순교 개념과 자살테러에 관한 연구 - 수니파와 시아파의 비교를 중심으로 -
A Study on the Concept of Martyrdom and Suicide Attack: Based on Comparison between Sunni and Shiite
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While Shia organizations, such as Hezbollah, pioneered the use of suicide bombings as “self-sacrifice operations” in the early 1980s, Shia groups have abandoned the practice since the 1990s. Sunni organizations like Hamas and Al Qaeda in Iraq, on the other hand,have not only exponentially increased the use of suicide attack, they have expanded the target set to include civilians and now primarily target other Muslims. This thesis is to look into the differences in suicide attack based on the contept of martyrdom between Sunni and Shiite. For this, this thesis demonstrates that support for suicide attack can differ depending on the concept of martyrdom based on the result of survey conducted in six Muslim countries by comparing the development of the concept of martyrdom between the two main sects of Islam, Sunni and Shiite in a historical context. The main findings of this thesis are that unlike the consistent 1,400-year history of venerating prominent Shia martyrs, limited role martyrs play in the Sunni tradition allowed Sunni extremists to essentially rewrite their history and reinvent “martyrdom” to suit their own contemporary political goals.
Abstract
While Shia organizations, such as Hezbollah, pioneered the use of suicide bombings as “self-sacrifice operations” in the early 1980s, Shia groups have abandoned the practice since the 1990s. Sunni organizations like Hamas and Al Qaeda in Iraq, on the other hand,have not only exponentially increased the use of suicide attack, they have expanded the target set to include civilians and now primarily target other Muslims. This thesis is to look into the differences in suicide attack based on the contept of martyrdom between Sunni and Shiite. For this, this thesis demonstrates that support for suicide attack can differ depending on the concept of martyrdom based on the result of survey conducted in six Muslim countries by comparing the development of the concept of martyrdom between the two main sects of Islam, Sunni and Shiite in a historical context. The main findings of this thesis are that unlike the consistent 1,400-year history of venerating prominent Shia martyrs, limited role martyrs play in the Sunni tradition allowed Sunni extremists to essentially rewrite their history and reinvent “martyrdom” to suit their own contemporary political goals.
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