다문화주의와 상호문화주의의 차이에 대한 한 해석 찰스 테일러의 견해를 중심으로

Abstract

This paper analyzes the characteristics of interculturalism in relation to multiculturalism. Multiculturalism is often criticized for the reason that it ghettoizes cultural minorities and hinders them from integrating into main stream society. Taking the same stance, Interculturalism suggests itself as a model which aims at both the recognition of diversity and integration. To understand the relationship between multiculturalism and interculturalism, we go through Charles Taylor. He suggests to use the term ‘multiculturalism’ on two levels : as a generic term and as a sub term. As a generic one, it is for the ensemble of policies introduced with the combined goals of recognizing diversity, fostering integration and producing/maintaining equality. As a sub one, it designates a sub-species of such policies, to be contrasted with another sub-species, called ‘intercultural’. Following his suggestion, we can have a proper understanding of the relationship between them while reducing the possible confusion. Francophone Quebec society prefers interculturalism, while anglophone Canada prefers multiculturalism. This reflects each region’s concerns and situations. ‘Interculturalism’ recognizes official culture maintained by the medium of French, while ‘multiculturalism’ does not. Anglophone Canadian regards Quebec’s such a policy as refusing the recognition of cultural diversity. However, Quebecer considers that as a way of realization of multiculturalism as a generic term in Confederation. When we try to understand properly the relationship between multiculturalism and interculturalism, it is important to consider the reason why each model is preferred in each relevant region. On the basis of understanding of each model’s local and historical aspects, we can have a proper recognition of those models and examine the validity of criticism on multiculturalism by interculturalism.