한국 고대 신모(神母)와 국가제의(國家祭儀) –유화와 선도산 신모를 중심으로–

Abstract

This study focuses on Sinmo as shown in Korea’s ancient birth myth, and on understanding the status of ancient Sinmo focused on Yuhwa and Seondosan Sinmo as related to state religious ceremonies. The historical development of Korea’s ancient Sinmo by the Dongsin Seongmo, of the Goryeo dynasty, also is treated. First, Sinmo is largely differentiated in to Sijomo and Sijobi. Sijomo married Cheonsin, or the existence that gave birth to a son without a spouse. Sijobi was represented by Alyeong and Heo wanghu, and Soseono was both Sijomo and Sijobi. However, the earthly–mother–goddess of Sijomo was reflected in the ever changing Korean ancient birth myth. Given from above, the historical feature of Korea’s ancient Sinmo was well understood. Yuhwa of Korea’ s ancient Sinmo had been chosen to be worshipped as Taehu, Susin, and Buyeoshin in each of Taehumyo, Susinje, and Sinmyo as the subject of state ancestral rites during the Goguryeo period. Seondosan Sinmo also had been the most important subject of the state ancestral rite during the middle period of Silla and remained so until late Silla, though there was a status change following the unification of Silla. While the origin myth of Goguryeo focused on the myth of Jumong, Silla’s origin myth included the myth of the progenitors of the three surnames. And the state ancestral rites related to the progenitors of the three surnames were later changed according to circumstances. Further, the three goddesses protecting the country represented three mountains which were the subjects of important rites from Unified Silla. Dongshin Seongmo in Goryeo was generally named for the ancient Sinmo, and Yuhwa and Seondosan Sinmo both were chosen in early Goryeo, while only Seondosan Sinmo was chosen after Goryeo’ s middle period. This was because the Seondosan Sinmo myth differed from the myth of the three progenitors. Another reason was that the shrine of Jumong, who mated with Yuhwa, was located in Seogyeong. Meanwhile, the origin of the regal power of Seondosan Sinmo was related to Queen Wisuk, who was the mother of the first king of Goryeo, and we found the meaning of ancient Shinmo in the Goryeo dynasty. These meanings may be compared with that for each progenitor, and were considered important as a state ancestral rite in the Goryeo dynasty and the Joseon dynasty.