사할린한인 귀환문제에 대한 전후 일본정부의 대응

Abstract

After World War II, the repatriation of Japanese and non-Japanese was an issue between the Soviet Union and the GHQ. All of the detained Japanese were able to repatriate to their homeland due to the Repatriation Agreement between the Soviet Union and the GHQ in 1946 and the Agreement between the Soviet Union and the Japanese Government in 1956. But the detained Koreans in Sakhalin could not repatriate to the Korean peninsula because they had lost Japanese nationality at the time of the San Francisco Treaty. The Japanese government made no efforts for the detained Koreans, regarding them as non-Japanese although they had moved to Sakhalin as Japanese civilians during the period of Japanese rule. After the 1960s, the Japanese government began to negotiate with the Soviet Union for the repatriation of detained Koreans, because there were no diplomatic relations between South Korea and the Soviet Union. But the Japanese government asked the Korean government for an important premise: “The Korean government should secure settlement of Koreans repatriated from Sakhalin (including those people repatriated via Japan), and repatriation expenses, too.” This was the basic policy of the Japanese government. In 1972, Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei reconfirmed this policy. But the Korean government insisted on the opposite, that detained Koreans should settle in Japan and all the expenses should be paid by the Japanese government. And the Soviet Union declared that it would not permit embarkation to South Korea. The place of settlement for the detained Koreans was a high hurdle for diplomatic negotiations among the three countries during the 1960s and the 1970s.