사이버 경제첩보에 대한 국제법적 대응의 한계와 미국의 대응의 시사점
Challenges in Regulating Cyber Economic Espionage under International Law and Implications of the U.S. Approach
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초록
최근 사이버공간을 수단으로 행해지는 경제첩보가 야기하는 위협의 심각성이 주목받고 있다. 정보통신기술 이용의 확대로 사이버공간이 경제첩보를 수행하는데 용이한 수단으로 활용되면서, 경제첩보가 수행되는 속도나 규모가 이전과는 비교할 수 없을 정도로 증대되었기 때문이다. 경제첩보가 초국경성을 특징으로 하는 사이버공간을 수단으로 하여 확대되고 있다는 점과 국가가 지원하여 경제첩보가 수행되고 있다는 사실은 그를 규율하는 보다 적절한 국제규범의 필요성을 시사한다. 그러나 사이버 경제첩보행위는 국제법을 통한 규율 가능성이 명확하지 않은 영역인 소위 ‘회색지대’(gray zone) 영역에 속한다. 현행 국제법 규범을 통해 사이버 경제첩보를 충분히 규율할 수 없어 이러한 틈을 타서 불공정한 방식으로 경제적 도약과 기술 진보를 추구하려는 몇몇 국가들에 의해 사이버 경제첩보가 확대되고 있다. 이러한 현실에서 사이버 경제첩보에 대한 미국의 대응은 한국의 대응방안을 마련하는데 시사하는 바가 크다. 이러한 배경하에 본 연구는 현행 국제법상 사이버 경제첩보 규율의 한계점을 밝히고, 사이버 경제첩보에 대한 미국의 대응을 검토함으로써 우리의 대응방안을 제시해보고자한다.
Abstract
In order to provide competitive advantages to their domestic companies, some states have been engaging in widespread theft of trade secrets and other proprietary information from foreign companies. As the information communication technologies have developed, cyberspace became a new mean for these states to conduct economic espionage. Indeed, the scale of intellectual property theft by state-sponsored cyber economic espionage has recently increased dramatically. Furthermore, It should be noted that cyberspace can be a useful tool for transnational economic espionage. This means that this kind of activity should be regulated in international legal regime. Against this background, this Study aims to suggest Korean strategies for responding to cyber economic espionage by examining (i) the challenges in regulating cyber economic espionage under the current international law, and (ii) the U.S. approaches for countering the activities.
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