발달장애인 지원에서 공동생산(Co-production) 접근은 가능한가?:Löffler의 공동생산 원칙 적용을 위한 실행연구
Is Co-production approach possible for support of people with developmental disabilities?: Action research for application of Löffler's principles
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이 연구는 발달장애인 지원에서 이용자 중심성(user-centeredness)을 극대화하는데 유용한 공동생산 접근(co-production approach)의 적용 가능성과 필요한 제반 환경을 탐색하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 실행연구방법(action research)을 통해 공동생산 접근에 전제가 되는 Löffler(2009)의 4가지 공동생산 원칙인 ‘평등’, ‘다양성’, ‘접근성’, ‘상호의존성’을 구현하기 위한 방법들을 시도하고, 그 과정에서 공동생산의 적용 가능성과 필요 기반을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 공동생산의 원칙을 적용하면서 발달장애인에게 서비스 주체로서의 권한 부여, 서비스 제공자, 발달장애인, 지역주민 간의 파트너십 형성, 발달장애인을 위한 의사소통 지원의 다각화, 지역사회 다양한 주체와의 관계 형성과 지지환경 구축의 가능성과 패러다임 변화에 따른 공동생산 접근의 필요성이 탐색되었다. 반면, 현 지원 환경에서 공동생산 접근을 적용하는데 있어 서비스 제공자와 이용자 간의 권력과 의존관계, 전문가 중심의 고착화된 서비스 환경, 지역 내 발달장애인 문제에 대한 연대 의식 부족 등이 한계로 나타났다. 이러한 한계를 해결하기 위해 기관 및 종사자의 파트너십에 대한 사고 전환과 지속적인 학습, 발달장애인을 위한 정책 및 실천 환경의 재편, 일상적 의사소통 지원의 확대, 지역 내 발달장애인과의 연대문화 확립 등을 제언하였다.
Abstract
This study aims to explore the applicability of co-production approach and necessary environments that are useful for maximizing user-centeredness in support of people with developmental disabilities. To this end, Action research has attempted methods to implement Löffler's four co-production principles, ‘equality', ‘diversity', ‘accessibility' and‘reciprocity', which are premised on co-production approach and examined the applicability and necessary environments of co-production in the process. As a result of the study, While applying principles of co-production, It was explored the possibility of empowering people with developmental disabilities as service subjects, forming partnerships between service providers, people with developmental disabilities, and local residents, diversifying communication support for people with developmental disabilities, and establishing relationships with various people and a supporting environment in the community and the necessity of a co-production approach according to a paradigm change. On the other hand, in applying the co-production approach in the current support environment, the power and dependence relationship between service providers and users, a fixed service environment centered on experts, and a lack of solidarity with the problem of people with developmental disabilities in the community were found to be limitations. In order to solve these limitations, it was suggested to change their thinking and continuous learning of institutions and workers about partnerships, reorganize policies and practices for people with developmental disabilities, expand daily communication support, and establish a solidarity culture with people with developmental disabilities in the community.
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