아동의 공격성 유발요인에 대한 대상관계이론적 관점
The View Point of the Object Relation Theories on the Factors Causing Child Aggression
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본 연구는 대상관계이론의 관점에서 아동의 공격성을 유발하는 요인을 찾아보기 위하여 대상관계이론가인 Klein, Kernberg, Winnicott, Kohut의 이론을 고찰하였다. 대상관계이론에서 살펴본 공격성 유발요인은 첫째, 자기 혹은 대상에 대한 좋은 면과 나쁜 면의 통합실패 및 분열; 둘째, 분리-개별화의 미발달과 자기감의 미확립; 셋째, 양육자로부터 공감적 반응의 결핍 세 가지로 수렴할 수 있었다. 한편, 대상관계이론에 의하면 인간행동의 원인이나 성격적인 특성은 양육초기에 경험한 의미있는 타인과의 관계에서 비롯된다고 본다. 특히 전 외디푸스 시기에 양육자와의 관계에서 이루어지는 경험은 내면화 혹은 내사되어 표상을 형성하게 되며 이는 그 이후의 사회적 생활에 영향을 주는 관계적 도식으로 작용하게 된다. 따라서 부정적으로 형성된 대상표상은 자기와 타인의 이미지나 새로운 대인관계 뿐 아니라 다양한 동기와 감정적 반응을 부정적으로 기대하고 지각하는데 영향을 미치게 된다.
Abstract
First, I inquired into the Object Relation theorists such as Klein, Kernberg, Winnicott, and Kohut, then arranging the factors causing aggressivity, I constructed on the basis of the said theories my own theoretical model for the reduction process of childhood aggressivity. From the viewpoint of the Object Relation Theory, I was able to classify the causes of aggressivity into three factors: First, incapability of integrating except to split the good and bad in relation to self or object. Second, underdevelopment of separation-individuation as well as nonestablishment of the sense of the self. Third, lack of experience in empathic response from the care-giver. On the other hand, according to the Object Relation Theory, the motives or personal characteristics of human behavior proved to originate from significant relations with others as experienced in the early childhood. In particular, experience in the pre-oedipal period acquired from personal relations with care-giver, having gone through internalization or introjection process, proved to build up object representation, which was to operate as the relational schema to exercise influence on the social life thereafter. Consequently, such a negatively built-up object representation not merely produces effect on the images of self and others or on further personal relations, but also on negative expectation and perception of various motives as well as emotional responses.
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