중학교 진학 과정에서 나타나는 심리적 적응의 변화 유형
Change Patterns of Psychological AdjustmentDuring Middle School Transition
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본 연구는 초등학교에서 중학교로 진학하는 과정에서 청소년들이 나타내는 심리적 적응의 변화 유형을 알아보고, 이러한 유형들 간에 어떤 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 연구를 위해 초등학교 6학년 말(1차시기)과 중학교 1학년 중반(2차시기)의 두 차례에 걸쳐 외현화 문제와 내재화 문제, 그리고 자기개념, 사회적 기술, 사회적 지지, 학교에 대한 지각 등을 측정하는 설문조사를 실시하였다. 두 시기의 조사에 모두 참여한 학생들은 총 216명으로 이중 남아가 114명, 여아가 102명을 차지하였다. 1차시기와 2차시기에 평가된 심리적 적응의 변화 유형을 알아보기 위해 군집분석을 실시한 결과, 외현화 문제의 변화유형은 2차시기에 약간의 상승을 보인 유형, 평균수준을 유지하고 있는 유형, 높은 수준을 지속적으로 나타내는 유형, 평균보다 낮은 수준을 유지하고 있는 유형의 네 가지 유형이 적절한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 내재화 문제의 변화 유형을 알아보기 위한 군집분석 결과는 약간의 상승을 보인 유형, 약간의 감소를 보인 유형, 높은 수준을 유지하는 유형, 평균보다 낮은 수준을 유지하는 유형의 네 가지 유형을 드러냈다. 외현화 문제와 내재화 문제의 변화에 따른 유형별 차이를 알아본 결과, 1, 2차시기에 걸쳐 지속적으로 낮은 수준을 보인 유형은 지속적으로 높은 수준을 보이거나 중학교 진학 후 상승을 보인 유형에 비해 자기개념과, 학교지각 등의 변인에서 보다 긍정적인 특성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
The present study was to examine the change patterns of psychological adjustment in early adolescents during a transition from elementary school to middle school. A total of 216 early adolescents (114 boys and 102 girls) were surveyed at two time points - at the end of 6th grade in elementary school (Time 1) and during the first semester of 1st grade in middle school(Time 2). Measurements included K-YSR and measures assessing self-concept measure, social skills, social support, and school perception. Different change patterns of psychological adjustment were explored using cluster analysis on the basis of externalizing and internalizing problems before and after the transition. Cluster analyses identified four distinct change patterns of externalizing problems (slight increase, consistently average, consistently high, and consistently low) and four change patterns of internalizing problems (slight increase, slight decrease, consistently high, consistently low). Analyses of variance indicated that these subtypes were significantly differentiated by self-perception and school perception measures. Results were discussed in terms of developmental pathways during middle school transition and implications for prevention were elaborated.
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