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대규모 외상사건으로 인한임상적 장애 및 증상 관련 평가도구 개관

Review of Assessment Inventories for Clinical Disorders and Symptoms Caused by Mass Trauma Events

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류교육학

초록

대규모 외상사건(mass trauma events)은 이를 경험하고 목격한 직접적인 피해자 뿐 아니라 미디어 등 다양한 경로를 통해 사건을 접하게 되는 일반 대중에게까지 심각한 정신적 고통을 초래한다. 본 연구에서는 세월호 사고와 같은 대규모 외상사건이 발생했을 때 직접적으로 영향을 받는 피해자들 뿐 아니라 이들을 원조하는 전문 인력, 그리고 간접적으로 사건을 접하게 되는 일반대중들이 경험할 수 있는 임상적 장애 및 증상을 소개하고 이를 평가하는 주요 검사도구들을 평가하였다. 특히, 외상후스트레스 장애, 급성스트레스 장애, 우울 및 불안 등의 심리적 디스트레스에 초점을 두고 이를 측정하는 도구들을 소개하되, 임상적 기준과 심리측정적 기준을 적용하여 각각의 도구를 평가하였다. 구체적으로는, DSM과의 연계 여부 및 새로 개정된 DSM-5의 진단 기준 반영 여부, 증상의 심각성 등 핵심적인 측정 반영 여부, 신뢰도 및 타당도 검증 여부 및 그 수준, 국내 타당화 및 표준화 여부 등을 토대로 각 척도의 유용성 및 양호도를 평가하였다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 대규모 외상사건 발생 시 상담자들이 숙지해야 할 사항 등 검사도구 활용에 대한 시사점을 논하였다.

Abstract

Mass trauma events cause severe psychological pain to those who experience and observe the events, as well as to the general public who are exposed to them via various routes including mass media. The present research introduces clinical disorders and symptoms that mass trauma events (e.g., Sewol ferry accident) incur and evaluates inventories that assess their disorders and symptoms. We particularly focus on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), acute stress disorder (ASD), and psychological distress and evaluate the corresponding inventories by applying clinical and psychometrical criteria. The criteria include whether the scale is connected to the DSM, whether core assessment criteria (i. e., symptom severity) are applied, soundness of reliability and validity of the scale, validation of the scale with a sample of Korean populations, and whether the use of the scale is restricted to trained professionals. Implications for the use of the inventories are discussed.

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