세월호 재난으로 자녀를 잃은 부모들의 사회적 지지, 갈등, 고립경험에 관한 연구
A Qualitative Study on the Social Support, Conflict, Isolation Experiences of Adolescent Victims’ Parents of the Sewol Ferry Disaster
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초록
본 연구는 세월호 재난 이후 2년 시점에서 세월호 재난으로 자녀를 잃은 부모들의 사회적 경험을 탐색하고자 수행되었다. 심층면담자료는 Krippendorff(2004)의 내용분석 절차에 따라 분석되었다. 연구결과, 연구참여자들의 사회적 경험은 사회적 지지와 사회적 갈등 및 고립의 차원으로 분류되었다. 사회적 지지와 갈등 및 고립의 경험은 각각 ‘근린(近隣) 차원’ ‘직장 차원’, ‘지역 차원’ ‘국가 및 사회 차원’ 4가지 차원으로 분석되었다. 근린(近隣) 차원에서의 사회적 지지 경험은 ‘곁을 지키며 버텨주는 친지들’, ‘사회적 가족'이 된 세월호 유가족’ 2가지 범주이며, 사회적 갈등 및 고립 경험은 ‘지인들로부터 괴리감을 경험하고 교류를 단절함’, ‘자녀 잃은 부모의 마음을 공감하지 못하는 사람들로부터 상처받음’, ‘세월호 재난과 유가족의 진상규명활동을 비난하는 지인들에게 상처받고 원망함’, ‘보상금에 관심 갖는 친지와의 갈등’ 4가지 범주가 도출되었다. 직장 차원에서의 사회적 지지 경험은 ‘직장에 복귀할 수 있도록 동료들이 도움을 줌’, ‘유가족 활동을 위해 근무시간 조정을 배려해줌’ 2가지 범주이며, 사회적 갈등 및 고립 경험은 ‘직장과 일에 대한 동기와 의미의 상실’, ‘직장동료들로부터의 고립’ ‘직장생활의 중단으로 인한 사회적 고립’, ‘경력단절로 인한 재취업의 좌절’ 4가지 범주가 도출되었다. 지역 차원에서의 사회적 지지 경험은 ‘지역의 심리적, 물질적 후원자들’, ‘사별 자녀의 친구와 학부모가 보내는 관심과 지지’ 2가지 범주이며, 사회적 갈등 및 고립경험은 ‘안산지역의 냉대어린 분위기’, ‘주민들의 부정적인 시선으로 인한 사회적 위축’, ‘지역사회 구성원들의 비난과 외면에 부딪힘’, ‘학교에 대한 실망과 분노’ 4가지 범주가 도출되었다. 국가 및 사회차원에서의 사회적 지지 경험은 ‘나와 사람들을 연결해주는 노란리본의 힘을 실감함’, ‘집회와 간담회에 참석하는 사람들의 존재로 힘과 지지를 얻음’, ‘진상규명활동에 동참해주는 사람들의 소중함을 실감함’, ‘비슷한 사별경험을 한 사람들의 공감과 지지’ 4가지 범주이며, 사회적 갈등 및 고립 경험은 ‘사회적 안전망이 부재한 국가에 대한 불신이 생겨남’, ‘내 가족의 슬픔이 사회로부터 수용되지 않는다는 생각에 울분이 생김’, ‘도처에서 경험하는 유가족을 향한 비난’, ‘국가의 피해자 지원의 축소와 중단’ 4가지 범주가 도출되었다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 논의와 시사점을 제시하였다.
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the social experiences of the bereaved parents of the Sewol Ferry Disaster. Data were collected by in-depth interviews at 2 years following the Sewol Ferry Disaster. The Interviews were analyzed by content analysis of Krippendorff(2004). The social experiences of bereaved parents had two aspects, (1) Social support, (2) Social conflict and isolation. The results were classified by 4 dimensions(acquaintances, workplace, community, society). In ‘acquaintances’ Social support had 2 categories(‘emotional support from acquaintances’, ‘4/16 Sewol Families becoming a 'social family’), and Social conflict and isolation had 4 categories(‘cutting off from close relationships’, ‘wounds from people who do not have sympathy for bereaved parents’, ‘receiving blame from acquaintances and friends’, ‘conflict with relatives and friends over their financial compensation’). In ‘workplace’ Social support had 2 categories(‘emotional support from colleagues’, ‘allowing parents flexible working hours’) and Social conflict and isolation had 4 categories(‘loss of motivation and meaning of work’, ‘alienation from colleagues’, ‘social isolation resulting from quitting jobs’, ‘failure of re-employment due to career break’). In ‘community’ Social support had 2 categories(‘emotional and instrumental support from community’, ‘support from bereaved friends’) and Social conflict and isolation had 4 categories(‘getting a cold shoulder from community’, ‘social withdrawal’, ‘receiving blame from community members’ ‘disappointment from the school’). In ‘society’ Social support had 4 categories(’power of the yellow ribbon’, ‘perceiving support from social gatherings and memorial events’, ‘realizing the value of people who join the Sewol truth seeking movement’, ‘sympathy and support from people who have similar experiences’ and Social conflict and isolation had 4 categories(‘distrust towards a country without a social safety net’, ‘families' grief not accepted from society’, ‘victim blaming from society’, ‘suspension of national victim support service’). Based on the results of this study, the implications and discussions were suggested.
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