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한국 초등학생을 위한 진로적응성 척도 개발

Development of the Career Adaptability Scale for Korean elementary school students

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초록

본 연구의 목적은 Savickas와 Porfeli(2015)의 진로적응성 협력 척도(Career Adapt-Ability Scale + Cooperation Scale: CAAS+C)를 바탕으로 국내 초등학생의 발달단계에 적합한 진로적응성 척도를 개발하는 것이다. 이와 같은 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 CAAS+C 문항을 번역․수정하고 전문가 내용타당도 검증 및 파일럿 검사를 거쳐 예비문항 35문항을 개발하였다. 척도의 구인타당도, 준거타당도, 신뢰도를 탐색하기 위하여 서울특별시 소재 초등학교에 재학 중인 5, 6학년 학생 934명의 자료를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 예비문항 35개 중 총 23문항이 최종 척도 문항으로 선정되었다. 탐색적 및 확인적 요인 분석 결과, 초등학생용 진로적응성 척도는 협력적 배려(cooperative consideration), 협력적 기여(cooperative contribution), 통제(control), 관심(concern), 자신감(confidence), 호기심(curiosity)의 6요인으로 구성되었다. 척도의 전체 신뢰도(Cronbach’s α)는 .90, 하위요인별 신뢰도는 협력적 배려 .84, 협력적 기여 .86, 통제 .70, 관심 .72, 자신감 .71, 호기심 .62로 양호하였다. 초등학교 고학년용 진로적응성 척도의 점수는 진로성숙, 성향적 낙관성, 삶의 만족도 척도 점수와 정적 상관관계를 보여 준거타당도를 지지하였다. 본 연구는 국내 초등학교 고학년 학생들의 진로적응성을 구성하는 요인을 확인하고, 초등학생에게 활용가능한 측정도구를 개발하였다는 데에 의의가 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구가 지닌 제한점과 추후 연구 방향에 대하여 논의하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop a career adaptability scale for elementary school students in Korea based on the Career Adapt-Ability Scale+Cooperation Scale (CAAS+C, Savickas & Porfeli, 2015). Thirty-five preliminary items were developed through translation and back-translation, content validity check by experts, and pilot-testing. Data from 934 5th and 6th grade students attending elementary schools in Seoul were analyzed to explore the construct validity, criterion validity, and reliability of the scale. As a result of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, a total of 23 items out of 35 preliminary questions were selected as the final scale items. The Career Adaptability Scale for elementary students consisted of six factors such as; cooperative consideration, cooperative contribution, control, concern, confidence, and curiosity. The overall reliability (Cronbach’s α) of the scale was .90, and the reliability of each subscale was good at .84 for cooperative consideration, .86 for cooperative contribution, .70 for control, .72 for concern, .71 for confidence, and .62 for curiosity. Initial criterion validity was established as the scores of the career adaptability scale showed a positive correlation with the career maturity, dispositional optimism, and life satisfaction scale scores in ways consistent with theory. This study is significant in that it identified the factors that constitute the career adaptability of upper grades of elementary students in Korea and developed a tool that can be used for them. Finally, the limitations of this study and suggestions for follow-up study were discussed.

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