회상중심 모래상자놀이가 노인의 자아통합감에 미치는 영향
The effect of reminiscence-oriented sandtray play for ego-integrity of the elderly
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초록
본 연구는 노년기의 중요한 발달과업인 자아통합감 성취를 위해 지나온 과거를 재구성하고 재통합하는 회상의 치료적 기능과 회상을 촉진시키는 매체로 모래상자놀이를 활용하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 우울척도(GDSSF-K)점수가 10점 이상이며, 간이정신상태검사(MMSE-K)에서 24점 이상인 인지기능에 손상이 없는 65세 이상의 노인을 실험집단 5명, 통제집단 3명으로 무선배치 하였다. 실험집단에는 주제가 제시되는 회상중심 모래상자놀이 프로그램을 적용하여 개별상담 접근으로 주 2회씩 60분간 총 6회기를 실시하였다. 먼저, 자아통합감의 변화를 살펴보기 위해 자아통합감 척도 사전ㆍ사후 점수를 SPSS 20으로 반복측정 변량분석을 실시하여 변화를 비교분석 하였으며, 둘째, 자아통합감의 변화에 따른 대상자들의 언어적 반응을 질적분석 하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 실험집단의 노인들은 통제집단에 비해 자아통합감이 증가되었으며, 둘째, 회기 중 관찰된 실험집단의 자아통합감과 관련된 언어적 반응은 사전관찰에 비해 긍정적인 변화가 나타났다. 본 연구는 노인 심리치료 장면에 모래상자를 적용시킨 면과 자아통합감의 질적분석을 병행함으로써 과거에 대한 회한과 미해결 과제들이 어떤 과정을 통해 변화되어 가는지를 밝혔는데 그 의의가 있다.
Abstract
In this study, to achieve the ego-integrity of the elderly, a critical development task of the elderly, a sandtray play program was utilized as a medium to promote the therapeutic function of reminiscence that reconstructs and reintegrates the past of the elderly and the reminiscence itself. The subjects of this study were eight 65 years old or older elderly people who had no cognitive function damage, who scored over ten points in the depression scale(GDSSF-K), and who scored over 24 points in the temporary mentality scale(MMSE-K). Five of them were randomly assigned to the experimental group, and three of them were assigned to the control group. A reminiscence-centered sandtray play with suggested topics was applied to the test group, and a total of 6 sessions, 2 sessions per week and 60 minutes per session, were performed by way of an individualized interview. First, to analyze a variation of ego-integrity, a repeated measures ANOVA was conducted and the changes between ex ante and ex post ego-integrity scale scores were comparatively analyzed using SPSS 20. Second, the verbal response of the subjects with the changes in ego-integrity were qualitatively analyzed. The findings of this study suggest the following implications. First, the ego-integrity of the test group increased more than that of the control group. Second, the verbal response of the test group observed during the session showed a positive change compared to that observed before the experiment. This study has significance in that a sandtray play program is applied to the psychological therapy for the elderly and an qualitative analysis of ego-integrity is paralleled so as to analyze the transition process of the reminiscence and unsolved tasks of the elderly.
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