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이독성공식과 Coh-Metrix를 활용한우리나라 고등학교 영어교과서 이독성 분석

An Analysis of Korean High School English Textbooks through Readability Formulae and Coh-Metrix.

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주제분류영어와문학

초록

Readability is an important issue in finding the right fit between students’ reading ability and text difficulty. The purpose of this study is to analyze reading texts from the five high school English textbooks with the same number of chapters as regards their readability and to examine whether each chapter of the texts would be placed in order of difficulty. The readability was calculated with the well-known readability formulas including the Flesch-Kincaid Readability, the Gunning Fog formula, and the Coh-Metrix tool. Coh-Metrix was developed to provide a wide range of indices for the characteristics of texts on multiple levels of analysis. It is supposed to better understand differences between texts beyond traditional readability measures. This study tried to get the answer of the question: Is there, according to these readability formulas and Coh-Metrix indices, an increase in order of the difficulty throughout the whole units of the textbooks? It has been found that the difficulty changes without principle. Based on this, the suggestion is that English textbooks writers and teachers should recognize readability is the most important consideration in writing or selecting English textbooks.

Abstract

Readability is an important issue in finding the right fit between students’ reading ability and text difficulty. The purpose of this study is to analyze reading texts from the five high school English textbooks with the same number of chapters as regards their readability and to examine whether each chapter of the texts would be placed in order of difficulty. The readability was calculated with the well-known readability formulas including the Flesch-Kincaid Readability, the Gunning Fog formula, and the Coh-Metrix tool. Coh-Metrix was developed to provide a wide range of indices for the characteristics of texts on multiple levels of analysis. It is supposed to better understand differences between texts beyond traditional readability measures. This study tried to get the answer of the question: Is there, according to these readability formulas and Coh-Metrix indices, an increase in order of the difficulty throughout the whole units of the textbooks? It has been found that the difficulty changes without principle. Based on this, the suggestion is that English textbooks writers and teachers should recognize readability is the most important consideration in writing or selecting English textbooks.

참고문헌 (21)

  1. 이연경, "초등영어교과서와 단계별 영어읽기 책 어휘의 관련성 조사를 위한 코퍼스 기반 분석", 영어영문학연구, 36(2), pp.289~315 (2010), 대한영어영문학회
  2. Chall, J. S., "The concept of readability", Elementary English, 26, pp.23~33 (1949)
  3. Coleman, M., "A computer readability formula designed for machine scoring", Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, pp.283~284 (1975)
  4. Council of Chief State School Officers and the National Governor Association, "Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts", ~ (2010)
  5. DuBay, William, "The Principles of Readability" (2004), Impact Information
  6. Fry, Edward., "Readability versus leveling", The Reading Teacher, 56(3), pp.286~291 (2002)
  7. Flesch, Rudolf, "new readability yardstick", Journal of Applied Psychology, 32, pp.221~233 (1948)
  8. Graesser, A. C., "Handbook of discourse processes" (2003), Erlbaum
  9. Graesser, A. C., "Rethinking reading comprehension", pp.82~98 (2003), Guilford
  10. Gunning, Robert, "The Technique of Clear Writing", pp.36~37 (1952), McGraw-Hill
  11. Derivation of new readability formulas for Navy enlisted personnel, Research Branch Report, "Kincaid, J. P.", Naval Technical Training, 8~75 (1975)
  12. Klare, George, "Handbook of reading research", pp.681~744 (1984), Longman
  13. Koda, Keiko, "Insights into second language reading" (2005), Cambridge Univ. Press
  14. McLaughlin, G. Harry, "SMOG Grading, a New Readability Formula", Journal of Reading, 12(8), pp.639~646 (1969)
  15. McNamara, Danielle, "Reading both high-coherence and low-coherence texts: Effects of text sequence and prior knowledge", Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55, pp.51~62 (2001)
  16. McNamara, D.S., "Learning from text: Effects of prior knowledge and text coherence", Discourse Processes, 22, pp.247~287 (1996)
  17. "Even in Congress, plain talk is not dumbing down" (2012)[URL]
  18. "What Are Readability Formulas?"[URL]
  19. Sejnost, R.L., "Reading to Learn in the Content Areas" (2007), Corwin Press
  20. "Automated Readability Index" (1967)[URL]

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