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Life and Labor of Lowell’s Mill Girls

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Song, Kiho. “Life and Labor of Lowell’s Mill Girls.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 43.1 (2017): 83-103. Lowell in Massachusetts was the first place where factory labor was introduced in America. Due to its success in the cotton industry, Lowell was once called an “Industrial Eden.” Lowell’s success was indebted not only to the adoption of new machinery and modes of production, but to the benevolent and paternal policies of the cotton industry. Numerous young girls from New England came to work in Lowell, attracted not just by the high wages and good working conditions, but by the educational opportunities the provided its employees. Lowell was a place that simulated the intellectual desire of mill operatives and helped them expand their lives. The writings of Harriet Robinson and Lucy Larcom, who worked in Lowell as mill operatives when young, clearly illustrate the meaning of life and work during its heyday of factory labor. (Hannam University)

Abstract

Song, Kiho. “Life and Labor of Lowell’s Mill Girls.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 43.1 (2017): 83-103. Lowell in Massachusetts was the first place where factory labor was introduced in America. Due to its success in the cotton industry, Lowell was once called an “Industrial Eden.” Lowell’s success was indebted not only to the adoption of new machinery and modes of production, but to the benevolent and paternal policies of the cotton industry. Numerous young girls from New England came to work in Lowell, attracted not just by the high wages and good working conditions, but by the educational opportunities the provided its employees. Lowell was a place that simulated the intellectual desire of mill operatives and helped them expand their lives. The writings of Harriet Robinson and Lucy Larcom, who worked in Lowell as mill operatives when young, clearly illustrate the meaning of life and work during its heyday of factory labor. (Hannam University)

참고문헌 (15)

  1. Abbott, Edith, "History of Employment of Women in the American Cotton Mills II", Journal of Political Economy, 16(10), pp.680~692 (1908)
  2. Abbott, Edith, "History of Employment of Women in the American Cotton Mills III", Journal of Political Economy, 17(1), pp.19~35 (1909)
  3. JoAnne Weisman Deitch, "The Lowell Mill Girls: Life in the Factory", pp.43~45 (1998), Discovery Enterprise
  4. Dublin, Thomas, "The Continuing Revolution: A History of Lowell, Massachusetts", pp.77~96 (1991), The Lowell Historical Society
  5. Eisler, Benita, "The Lowell Offering: Writings by New England Mill Women(1840-1845)" (1998), Norton
  6. Eno, Arthur L. Jr, "The Lowell Mill Girls: Life in the Factory", pp.6~9 (1998), Discovery Enterprise
  7. Frawley, Maria, "Behind the Scenes of History: Harriet Martineau and The Lowell Offering", Victorian Periodicals Review, 38(2), pp.141~157 (2005)
  8. Higgins, James, "The Continuing Revolution: A History of Lowell, Massachusetts", pp.407~427 (1991), The Lowell Historical Society
  9. Larcom, Lucy, "Among Lowell Mill-Girls: A Reminiscence", The Atlantic Monthly, 48(289), pp.593~612 (1881)
  10. Larcom, Lucy, "A New England Girlhood, Outlined from Memory" (1889), Houghton Mifflin Company
  11. Robinson, Harriet H, "Loom and Spindle, or Life amongst the Early Mill Girls: With a Sketch of The Lowell Offering" (1898), Thomas Y. Crowell
  12. Rybicki, Verena, "The Lowell Mill Girls: Life in the Factory", pp.10~17 (1998), Discovery Enterprise
  13. Discovery Enterprise, "Amelia", 1998
  14. Walkowitz, Daniel J, "Working-Class Women in the Gilded Age: Factory, Community and Family Life among Cohoes, New York, Cotton Workers", Journal of Social History, 5(4), pp.464~490 (1972)
  15. Wright, Carroll D, "Introduction. Harriet H. Robinson. Loom and Spindle, or Life amongst the Early Mill Girls: With a Sketch of The Lowell Offering" (1898), Thomas Y. Crowell

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