『빌러비드』와 『타르 베이비』에 나타난 감시사회, 규율 권력 그리고 헤테로토피아 구현의 양상
An Aspect of Embodying Surveillance Society, Power of Discipline, and Heterotopia in Beloved and Tar Baby
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This paper explores the problems of ranking human in a white-centered society focusing on a surveillance society that monitors, observes, and records African Americans in Beloved and Tar Baby by Toni Morrison. Morrison’s white characters show the structural violence that governs and controls the lives of black people with the stealthy power of discipline. The white-dominated society almost reminds us of the structure of Michel Foucault’s panopticon, which watches every situation with just one eye and makes each figure internalize the relationship of power, but in the end, it provides an opportunity for black people to build their own heterotopias like 124 Bluestone Street and the Clearing in Cincinnati in Beloved, and L’Isle des Chevaliers, Eloe, and New York in Tar Baby. These places, where surveillance, discipline, and oppression are dismantled, eventually become realistic utopia by rewarding their trauma, pain, and distressing memories. In the process, Morrison’s characters seek a cooperative exit with the community as well as themselves through their own courageous decision and journey for establishing each identity that can break down limitations and boundaries. Therefore, Morrison’s surveillance society allows each person to be reborn as a holy human being through sacrifice and challenges, suggesting alternatives to various kinds of heterotopias that contain the true meanings of human existence and authentic freedom.
Abstract
This paper explores the problems of ranking human in a white-centered society focusing on a surveillance society that monitors, observes, and records African Americans in Beloved and Tar Baby by Toni Morrison. Morrison’s white characters show the structural violence that governs and controls the lives of black people with the stealthy power of discipline. The white-dominated society almost reminds us of the structure of Michel Foucault’s panopticon, which watches every situation with just one eye and makes each figure internalize the relationship of power, but in the end, it provides an opportunity for black people to build their own heterotopias like 124 Bluestone Street and the Clearing in Cincinnati in Beloved, and L’Isle des Chevaliers, Eloe, and New York in Tar Baby. These places, where surveillance, discipline, and oppression are dismantled, eventually become realistic utopia by rewarding their trauma, pain, and distressing memories. In the process, Morrison’s characters seek a cooperative exit with the community as well as themselves through their own courageous decision and journey for establishing each identity that can break down limitations and boundaries. Therefore, Morrison’s surveillance society allows each person to be reborn as a holy human being through sacrifice and challenges, suggesting alternatives to various kinds of heterotopias that contain the true meanings of human existence and authentic freedom.
참고문헌 (24)
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