로런스의 휘트만 비평과「끝없이 흔들리는 요람으로부터」
Lawrence’s Criticism on Whitman and “Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking”
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Abstract
Walt Whitman has often been named as a poet of ‘American Democracy’ and this somewhat banal characterization still has its point. It is also true, however, that a few other themes wholly different from, some of them even in stark contrast to, ‘democracy’ are as easily discernable in his poems. Perhaps the most salient one of such themes is ‘death’, and how these two apparently incompatible themes of ‘democracy’ and ‘death’ so often go alongside each other deserves to be a central issue in reading Whitman. With “Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking” as an example, this paper examines the significance of Lawrence’s criticism on Whitman, aiming to show that Lawrence’s criticism is particularly relevant to clarification of the relation between ‘democracy’ and ‘death’ in Whitman. “Cradle” doesn’t explicitly deal with this relation, but, dramatizing the moment when Whitman first realized his ‘destiny’, it foregrounds ‘death’ as the ‘clue’ to his destiny as poet. In that regard, the poem itself could serve as the clue to Whitman’s works and, thus, reveal the connection of the two themes at its purest.This paper first tries to prove that most of the criticisms of this poem fail to clarify what it really means that ‘death’ is the clue to the life of the boy-poet in the poem, mainly because they either overlook or not fully explore the above mentioned connection. Then, it goes on to look into Lawrence’s criticism on Whitman in detail and, based on Lawrence’s views, it also attempts to reread “Cradle” and explain the meaning of death in relation to Whitman’s thinking on ‘democracy’.
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