D. H. 로렌스와 케임브리지-블룸스베리 써클
D. H. Lawrence and the Cambridge-Bloomsbury Circle
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Lawrence’s encounter with the Cambridge-Bloombury circle was not only a watershed in his life and work but had a significance in the cultural history of Britain. The ethos and intellectual climate of the two sides were antithetical, which involved the issues of sexuality and class, rationalism and mysticism, civilisation and the primitive. The circle advocated democratic principles while Lawrence opted for spiritual autocracy. The circle’s belief in progress and civilisation combined with intellectual scepticism and religious agnosticism could hardly be compatible with Lawrence’s primitivism based on his belief in instinct and intuition. For Russell, Lawrence’s idea of ‘blood-knowledge’ was an absurd mysticism appealing to ignorance while Lawrence saw an essential link between the outbreak of the First World War and the bourgeois Enlightenment championed by the circle. He thought the ideals of love and democratic freedom collapsed when they were mobilised to justify the war. For the circle, this attitude was a protofascist aberration. Since the encounter with the circle, Lawrence has distanced himself from the cultural scene of Britain and his writing has grown increasingly negative about his own society. And the dispute continued after Lawrence’s death in the quarrel between Eliot and Leavis.
Abstract
Lawrence’s encounter with the Cambridge-Bloombury circle was not only a watershed in his life and work but had a significance in the cultural history of Britain. The ethos and intellectual climate of the two sides were antithetical, which involved the issues of sexuality and class, rationalism and mysticism, civilisation and the primitive. The circle advocated democratic principles while Lawrence opted for spiritual autocracy. The circle’s belief in progress and civilisation combined with intellectual scepticism and religious agnosticism could hardly be compatible with Lawrence’s primitivism based on his belief in instinct and intuition. For Russell, Lawrence’s idea of ‘blood-knowledge’ was an absurd mysticism appealing to ignorance while Lawrence saw an essential link between the outbreak of the First World War and the bourgeois Enlightenment championed by the circle. He thought the ideals of love and democratic freedom collapsed when they were mobilised to justify the war. For the circle, this attitude was a protofascist aberration. Since the encounter with the circle, Lawrence has distanced himself from the cultural scene of Britain and his writing has grown increasingly negative about his own society. And the dispute continued after Lawrence’s death in the quarrel between Eliot and Leavis.
참고문헌 (44)
- Bell, Quentin, "Bloomsbury" (1997), Phoenix
- Bell, "Bloomsbury Recalled" (1995), Columbia UP
- Booth, Howard. J., "D. H. Lawrence and Male Homosexual Desire", The Review of English Studies, 53(209), pp.86~107 (2002)
- Burns, Aidan, "Nature and Culture in D. H. Lawrence" (1980), Barnes & Noble
- Byrne, Janet, "A Genius for Living: The Life of Frieda Lawrence" (1995), HarperCollins
- Delany, Paul., "D. H. Lawrence’s Nightmare: The Writer and His Circle in the Years of the Great" (1979), Harvester
- Fernihough, Anne, "D. H. Lawrence: Aesthetics and Ideology" (1993), Clarendon
- Herzinger, Kim A., "D. H. Lawrence in His Time: 1908-1915" (1982), Associated UP
- Hume, David, "A Treatise of Human Nature" (2003), Dover
- Hume, "An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding" (1956), The Great Books Foundation
- Hynes, Samuel, "A War Imagined: The First World War and English Culture" (1990), The Bodley Head
- Ingersoll, Earl G., "Lawrence and ‘Bloomsbury’: The Friendship with David Garnett", D. H. Lawrence Review, 26(1-3), pp.7~34 (1993)
- Keynes, John Maynard, "Essays and Sketches in Biography", pp.236~256 (1956), Meridian Book
- Kinkead-Weekes, Mark, "D. H. Lawrence: Triumph to Exile, 1912-1922" (1996), Cambridge UP
- Lang, Berel, "Intuition in Bloomsbury", Journal of the History of Ideas, 25(2), pp.295~302 (1964)
- Lawrence, D. H., "Mara Kalnins" (1988), Cambridge UP
- Lawrence, "Fantasia of the Unconscious and Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious" (1983), Penguin
- Lawrence, Kangaroo, "Bruce Steele" (1994), Cambridge UP
- Lawrence, "The Letters of D. H. Lawrence. Vol. I" (1979), Cambridge UP
- Lawrence, "The Letters of D. H. Lawrence. Vol. II" (1981), Cambridge UP
- Lawrence, "The Letters of D. H. Lawrence. Vol. III" (1984), Cambridge UP
- Lawrence, "Letters of D. H. Lawrence. Volume VI" (1991), Cambridge UP
- Lawrence, "Phoenix II: Uncollected, Unpublished, and Other Prose Works" (1968), Viking
- Lawrence, "The Plumed Serpent" (1987), Cambridge UP
- Lawrence, "The Rainbow. Ed. Mark Kinkead-Weekes" (1989), Cambridge UP
- Lawrence, St Mawr, "Keith Sagar and Melissa Partridge. The Complete Short Novels", pp.276~428 (1990), Penguin
- Lawrence, Frieda, "Frieda Lawrence: The Memoirs and Correspondence" (1961), Heinemann
- Leavis, F. R., "D. H. Lawrence: Novelist" (1981), Penguin
- Leavis, F. R., "English Literature in Our Time and the University" (1979), Cambridge UP
- Leavis, F. R., "The Common Pursuit", pp.255~260 (1962), Peregrine
- Lucas, Robert, "Frieda Lawrence: The Story of Frieda von Richthofen and D. H. Lawrence" (1973), Secker & Warburg
- Meyers, Jeffrey, "D. H. Lawrence: A Biography" (1990)
- Meyers, Jeffrey, "Homosexuality and Literature: 1890-1930" (1977)
- Nehls, Edward., "D. H. Lawrence: A Composite Biography. 3 Vols" (1957), U of Wisconsin P
- Nietzsche, "The Portable Nietzsche" (1982), Penguin
- Poole, Robert, "Bloomsbury and Bicycles", ELH, 56(4), pp.951~966 (1989)
- Rosenbaum, S. P., "Aspects of Bloomsbury: Studies in Modern English Literary and Intellectual History", pp.68~83 (1998), Macmillan
- Russell, Bertrand, "The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell. Vol. II" (1968), McClelland and Stewart
- Shone, Richard, "Keynes and the Bloomsbury Group: The Fourth Keynes Seminar held at the University of Kent at Canterbury", pp.23~38 (1980), Macmillan
- Strenski, Ivan, "Four Theories of Myth in Twentieth-Century History: Cassirer, Eliade, Lévi-Straussand Malinowski" (1987), Macmillan
- Unamuno, Miguel de, "The Tragic Sense of Life in Men and Nations" (1972), Princeton UP
- Williams, Raymond, "Keynes and the Bloomsbury Group: The Fourth Keynes Seminar held at the University of Kent at Canterbury 1978", pp.40~67 (1980), Macmillan
- Williams, Raymond, "Keynes and the Bloomsbury Group: The Fourth Keynes Seminar held at the University of Kent at Canterbury 1978", pp.87~108 (1980), Macmillan
- Woolf, Virginia, "A Room of One’s Own" (1929)