한국고대 국가 형성에 있어서 관게수리 역할의 재고 : 영천 청제를 줄심으로
The Role of Irrigation in the State Formation in Ancient Korea: Focused on Cheong Je, Yeongcheon
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The major objective of this paper is to examine whether the construction of large-scale reservoirs was a cause or result of centralized political organization. Karl Wittfogel argued that the construction of large-scale irrigation systems played a critical role for the emergence of state-level societies. This paper, however, by combining the historical record of the Samguk sagi, a couple of stele inscriptions, and some basic archaeological information, argues that large-scale reservoirs were a result of centralized political organization of Silla Kingdom in ancient Korea. According to the epigraphic records inscribed on the monumental reservoir stele discovered beside Cheong reservoir located Yeongcheon, southeastern part of Korea, it turned out that many central- and a few local-governmental officials were delegated to the reservoir construction site to have supervised the entire project. This directly supports the interpretation that the construction of Cheong reservoir was an outcome of centralized political organization of Silla Kingdom some time between the fifth and sixth centuries A.D. In addition, according to the annals of the Samguk sagi, 18 fortresses and two large architectures were constructed in the territory of Silla Kingdom in the fifth century alone. It is of interest to point out that some of the fortresses were constructed in the remote area of Silla Kingdom. More importantly a great number of people did not voluntarily take part in the reservoir construction. Rather they were apparently drafted by Silla royal government for the civil work. This indicates that Silla Kingdom already witnessed a state-level society to have mobilized people carry out large-scale civil works such as reservoir and fortress. In sum, the construction of large-scale irrigation systems was not a cause but result of the state formation at least in ancient Korea.
Abstract
The major objective of this paper is to examine whether the construction of large-scale reservoirs was a cause or result of centralized political organization. Karl Wittfogel argued that the construction of large-scale irrigation systems played a critical role for the emergence of state-level societies. This paper, however, by combining the historical record of the Samguk sagi, a couple of stele inscriptions, and some basic archaeological information, argues that large-scale reservoirs were a result of centralized political organization of Silla Kingdom in ancient Korea. According to the epigraphic records inscribed on the monumental reservoir stele discovered beside Cheong reservoir located Yeongcheon, southeastern part of Korea, it turned out that many central- and a few local-governmental officials were delegated to the reservoir construction site to have supervised the entire project. This directly supports the interpretation that the construction of Cheong reservoir was an outcome of centralized political organization of Silla Kingdom some time between the fifth and sixth centuries A.D. In addition, according to the annals of the Samguk sagi, 18 fortresses and two large architectures were constructed in the territory of Silla Kingdom in the fifth century alone. It is of interest to point out that some of the fortresses were constructed in the remote area of Silla Kingdom. More importantly a great number of people did not voluntarily take part in the reservoir construction. Rather they were apparently drafted by Silla royal government for the civil work. This indicates that Silla Kingdom already witnessed a state-level society to have mobilized people carry out large-scale civil works such as reservoir and fortress. In sum, the construction of large-scale irrigation systems was not a cause but result of the state formation at least in ancient Korea.
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