高麗 건국기 西南海 지방세력의 동향 - ― 羅州 호족의 활동을 중심으로

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate activities and roles of powerful families around the southwest coast region, including Naju, in the early Koryo dynasty. The time the southwest coast region appeared prominent in political stage began when Jangbogo gathered powers in the southwest coast region, based on Cheonghaejin. After Jangbogo was killed and Cheonghaejin destroyed, however, powers around the region declined rapidly. After half century from that time, the central power over the region became weak since the queen, Jinseong, period, while the coast power in the southwest coast region got more their own influence again. In particular, when Gyeonhweon appeared who was supported by power families around the region, the region had belonged to Post-baekje. But they began to build their own power, independent of Post-baekjae. They united with Wanggeon who was under Gwungye's command, and had played a great role in founding Koryo dynasty. During 18 years when Wanggeon was under Gwungye's command, he stayed almost all the time in Naju and played a key role in occupying the back region of Post-baekje by Gwungye. Furthermore, Wanggeon can build his own political power, and he resulted in founding Koryo dynasty, after removing Gwungye. One of the regional powerful families helping Wanggeon found Koryo dynasty is O family in Naju. O family who became rich through an oversea trade met Wanggeon in the early 900 years, participated in the political power of Gwungye, and played a critical role in founding Koryo dynasty, resulting from removing Gwungye. Later in Gongsan fighting, he was killed instead of Wanggeon, and owing to that, he became the first grade retainer. Jonghwoe from yeongkwang also united with him at the early 900 years, played a role under Wanggeon's command, and at last became one of retainers for the foundation of Koryon dynasty. There were monks and scholars, as well as the above-mentioned armed power. Among monks, there were "Samuwoedaesa(사무외대사)" such as Dosun from Yeongam, Yunda, Gyeongbo, Hyeongmi, Gyeongyu, Yeoeom, and Yieom. Those monks helped Wanggeon soothe the public opinion of the Post-baekje region and unite powerful families in the southwest coast region, and played a great role, espeicially in terms of ideas. Among scholars, there was Choijimong from Yeongam. He acted as Wanggeon's close personel, and was well-known as he interpreted the dream that Wanggeon might unite Post-three kingdoms. He had played in the central political power as King's close scholar until the 6th king, Seongjong. On the other hand, Park Youngkyu, the grand powerful family from Suncheon, contributed to destroy Post-baekje, after surrendering Koryo with Gyeonweon in the late Post-baekje dynasty. Owing to that, he became appointed as 'jwoaseong', his daughter became the 17th queen, the other two daughters became Jeongjong's queen, and he, as many queens' family, became a key member in the central political power. While the influence of powerful families from the southwest coast region had been weak by the checks of powerful families from other regions such as Hwangbo family from Hwangju and Yoo family from Chungju, not a few members of powerful families were appointed as central high ranking officials through Gwageo examination. Choiseom and jeongongji from Yeongkwang and Kimchaek from Kwangyang were regarded as representatives of becoming high ranking officials through Gwageo examination. In result, powerful families from the southwest coast region, including Naju, in the early Koryo dynasty did their best on keeping their own independent power by checking or uniting either Geonwon's power or Wanggeon's, depending on the given situation. But in the early 900years they united with Wanggeon, founded Koryo dynasty, and contributed much in the process of unifying Post-three kingdoms to be prominent in the central political stage. In the processs of composing the noble society, many people from the southwest coast region became high ranking officials through Gwageo examination and they played a core role in the central political stage of the early Koryo dynasty. As the noble society had composed to be stable, however, the position of people from the southwest coast region changed in the central political stage. As their power fell into a decline gradually, they came back to their home, and built land-based power on the native basis in their hometown.