중세 시대의 섹스: 동성애를 중심으로

Abstract

As a field of scholarly investigation, the history of homosexuality is about as old as gender history. As a matter of fact, the invention of the term ‘homosexuality’ was not created until the nineteenth century. In the middle ages, the words ‘sodomy’ and ‘sodomite’ were referred to as the term ‘homosexuality’ used in the modern society. In the society of the ancient Greece and Rome, love affairs (sodomy)between erastes (the senior) and eromenes (the junior) were taken for granted. The junior respected the senior with full experience, wisdom,and leadership and the senior praised the junior equipped with power,patience, masculine beauty, and talent. The roles between them were divided into two parts. The senior should play an active role in the love affairs and the junior a passive role. This approved relationship between them had to be strongly kept. In the West of the middle ages, there were three groups which indulged in homosexuality: the young aristocracy, the monks, and the university students. It was Thomas Aquinas, Dante,Boccaccio, and Chaucer who severely rebuked homosexuality in the middle ages. They followed St. Paul and St. Augustinus’doctrine: Homosexuality commits a sin against the laws of nature. From the twelfth century the antipathy against homosexuality aroused highly due to such three factors as follows: the abomination to the Islamic which was derived from the Crusade War, the more powerfully-regulated moral protocols by the Western Church, and the Puritanic moralism which could be traced back to the mendicant orders.