스위프트와 포프의 풍자의 차이

Abstract

This essay examines the difference between Swift’s and Pope’s satire, whose style and method differed widely, even though they were close friends and had the same Tory inclinations. Swift thought that the capitalist economic order represented by the South Sea Bubble produced both corruptions and the disruptions to the English society. The importance of land was being destroyed by a capitalist society that computed all value according to the rise and fall of stocks. From this point of view, he attacks the consequences of a new capitalist system on the English society, but he does not put forward a norm in his satires. In fact, he does not allow any single view and seems to accept the world as he saw it. Unlike Swift, however, Pope divides the world into the realms of order and chaos, so he wants to attack chaos by means of a norm. In other words, his satire presupposes an object of attack and the ideal world view. In Pope’s satire, Man of Ross is portrayed to help the poor, construct public pathways, and give medicine to the sick. In short, he symbolizes the Tory ideal society in which landlord and tenant were bound together in reciprocal assistance. From this viewpoint of the ideal world view, Pope satirizes the new financial order and Walpole in his satires, because they destroy the traditional society. While Pope puts forward both a norm and an object of attack in his satires, Swift focuses on satirizing an object of attack, and does not present any norm.