거인과 기독교 전사: 밀턴의 하라파와 스펜서의 오르고글리오
Giants and Christian Champions: Milton’s Harapha and Spenser’s Orgoglio
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
While examining Harapha, who appears in the last episode of the middle part of John Milton's Samson Agonistes, and his challenge to Samson, this paper is to understand who he really is, what he means to Samson, and how his appearance helps to reveal the meaning of the whole work. It is my contention that Milton's Harapha has his archtype in Edmund Spenser's Orgoglio, the giant who defeats the Redcross knight in Book One of The Faerie Queene. We may better understand Samson and his struggle to achieve God's will in himself when we compare his confrontation to Harapha with Redcross's to Orgoglio. Although both Harapha and Orgoglio materialize physical threats to the heroes of each work, the giants affect more in the heroes' minds than their physical safety. That is, they both force the heroes to examine their own shortcomings, so as to lead them to despair. As Spenser's Orgolgio does to Redcross, Milton's Harapha poses, in a significant way, a threat to Samson's spiritual growth, and how Samson deals with this manifestation of his own despair would decide the success of his final achievement. It is well-known that both Milton and Spenser are enthusiastic students of the Bible and Classical literature. Significantly, however, unlike the giants in classics who mostly appear as enemies of the heroes and threaten gods and human beings, Spenser's Orgoglio and Milton's Harapha reflect the heroes' self. And this allegorical manifestation of classical monsters characterizes Renaissance Humanism that goes through the hearts of Spesner's and Milton's works. As Spenser’s Redcross finally overcomes his own despair and obtains the victory against the Dragon, Milton's Samson somehow realizes his own weakness immediately after his confrontation with Harapha and achieves his final peace with God and himself.
Abstract
While examining Harapha, who appears in the last episode of the middle part of John Milton's Samson Agonistes, and his challenge to Samson, this paper is to understand who he really is, what he means to Samson, and how his appearance helps to reveal the meaning of the whole work. It is my contention that Milton's Harapha has his archtype in Edmund Spenser's Orgoglio, the giant who defeats the Redcross knight in Book One of The Faerie Queene. We may better understand Samson and his struggle to achieve God's will in himself when we compare his confrontation to Harapha with Redcross's to Orgoglio. Although both Harapha and Orgoglio materialize physical threats to the heroes of each work, the giants affect more in the heroes' minds than their physical safety. That is, they both force the heroes to examine their own shortcomings, so as to lead them to despair. As Spenser's Orgolgio does to Redcross, Milton's Harapha poses, in a significant way, a threat to Samson's spiritual growth, and how Samson deals with this manifestation of his own despair would decide the success of his final achievement. It is well-known that both Milton and Spenser are enthusiastic students of the Bible and Classical literature. Significantly, however, unlike the giants in classics who mostly appear as enemies of the heroes and threaten gods and human beings, Spenser's Orgoglio and Milton's Harapha reflect the heroes' self. And this allegorical manifestation of classical monsters characterizes Renaissance Humanism that goes through the hearts of Spesner's and Milton's works. As Spenser’s Redcross finally overcomes his own despair and obtains the victory against the Dragon, Milton's Samson somehow realizes his own weakness immediately after his confrontation with Harapha and achieves his final peace with God and himself.
참고문헌 (26)
- 김종두, "영웅 이야기로서 성서의 삼손 이야기와 밀턴의 투사 삼손", ~
- 이종우, "밀턴의 우상타파적 비전과 투사 삼손", 밀턴연구, 11(1), pp.185~217 (2001)
- 임성균, "밀턴의 이해", pp.193~219 (2004), 시공아카데미
- 임성균, "Samson and Harapha: Milton’s Anti-Heroism in Samson Agonistes", 밀턴연구, 11(1), pp.219~234 (2001)
- Allen, Don Cameron, "The Harmonious Vision: Studies in Milton's Poetry" (1954), Johns Hopkins UP
- Balla, Angela, "Wars of Evidence and Religious Toleration in Milton’s Samson Agonistes", Milton Quarterly, 46(2), pp.65~85 (2012)
- Bryson, Michael, "A Poem to the Unknown God: Samson Agonistes and Negative Theology", Milton Quarterly, 42(1), pp.22~42 (2008)
- Dahiyat, Eid A., "Harapha and Baal-zebub", Ashtaroth in Milton's Samson Agonistes, 1982, pp.16(3), 60~62
- Danielson, Dennis Richard, "Milton’s Good God : A Study in Literary Theodicy" (1982), Cambridge UP
- Grossman, Marshall, "Poetry and Belief in Paradise Regained, to which is added, Samson Agonistes", Studies in Philology, 110(2), pp.382~401 (2013)
- Hamilton, A. C., "The Faerie Queene" (1977), Longman
- Harper, Davida, "‘Perhaps More Than Enough’: the Dangers of Mate-Idolatry in Milton’s Samson Agonistes", Milton Quarterly, 37(3), pp.139~151 (2003)
- Hanford, James Holly, "A Milton Handbook" (1946), Appleton-Century-Crofts
- Milton, John, "Complete Poems and Major Prose" (1957), Bobbs-Merrill
- Hume, Anthea, "Edmund Spenser: Protestant Poet" (1984), Cambridge UP
- Jacobson, Howard, "Milton’s Harapha", American Notes and Queries, 24, pp.70~71 (1986)
- Kearney, James, "Enshrining Idolatry in The Faerie Queene", English Literary Renaissance, 32(1), pp.3~30 (2002)
- King, John N., "Milton and Religious Controversy" (2000), Cambridge UP
- Krouse, F. Michael, "Milton’s Samson and the Christian Tradition" (1949), Princeton UP
- Milton, John, "Complete Prose Works of John Milton. Vol 2" (1982), Yale UP
- Quilligan, Maureen, "Milton’s Spenser: The Politics of Reading" (1983), Cornell UP
- Roche, Thomas P., Jr, "Heirs of Fame: Milton and Writers of the English Renaissance VIII", pp.14~33 (1995), Bucknell UP
- Sunwoo, Jin, "'Something Approximating a Transformation of the Genre’: Samson as an Alternative Revenger in Samson Agonistes", MEMES, 16(2), pp.361~382 (2006)
- Weber, Burton J., "The Interlocking Triads of the First Book of The Faerie Queene", Studies in Philology, 90(2), pp.176~212 (1993)
- Witte, Stephen P., "Milton’s Samson Agonistes", Explicator, 36(1), pp.26~27 (1977)
- Wood, Derek N. C., "‘Exiled from Light’: The Darkened Moral Consciousness of Milton’s Hero of Faith", University of Toronto Quarterly, 58(2), pp.244~262 (1988)