FDI 기업의 투자입지 선호변화에 관한 실증연구 - 대중투자 제조법인 자회사를 중심으로 -
Locational Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment : Evidence from Korea Manufacturing Investment in China
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본 연구에서는 동태적 관점에서 시기별로 한국기업의 대중 투자입지 선택 시 영향을 미친 결정요인들의 변화를 분석하였다. 1990년부터 2003년까지의 기간 동안 중국에 투자한 전기전자와 섬유의복부문에 속한 한국기업의 입지선호 변화를 조건부 로짓 분석을 통해 분석하였다. 조건부 로짓모델 추정 결과, 한국기업들은 시장규모가 크고 문화적 유사성이 높은 지역을 투자입지로 선택하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 임금수준이 상대적으로 낮으며 우호적인 외자정책을 펴는 지역을 선호하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 시기별로 투자입지 선호 패턴이 두드러지게 변화함을 알 수 있었다. 전기전자산업의 경우 노동비용, 문화적 유사성 요인은 시간이 지남에 따라 영향력이 점차 감소하는데 반해, 시장규모, 집적요인은 시간이 지남에 따라 영향력이 점차 강해짐을 알 수 있었다. 이에 반해 섬유의복산업의 경우 노동비용과 문화적 요인은 시간이 지남에 따라 오히려 영향력이 점차 강해지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통해 한국기업의 대중투자가 점차 노동절감형 투자에서 시장지향형 투자로 변화하고 있다고 하지만, 세부산업별로 분석한 결과 이러한 주장은 자본집약적 산업에 해당되는 것이며, 노동집약적 산업의 경우에는 여전히 노동비용과 문화적요인이 가장 중요한 투자입지 결정요인으로 자리잡고 있음을 알 수 있었다.
Abstract
This study examines the changes of locational determinants of Korean foreign direct investment in China. By conducting conditional logit analyses of FDI locational choice in 31 Chinese regions from 1990 to 2003, we find that market size, wage cost, cultural similarity and preferential policy had a significant effect on the increase in the number of FDI by region. In addition, the evidences from this study indicate that there are dynamic changes of FDI determinants for the period 1990-2003. The analyses show that wage cost and cultural factor have a significant impact on the increase in the number of FDI in the textile and apparel sector. On the other hand, market size and agglomeration have a significant impact on FDI in the electric and electronics sector, with less stronger impact exhibited by wage cost and cultural similarity.
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