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무역조정지원의 논리적 근거와 경험적 증거

The economic rationale and empirical evidence of the Trade Adjustment Assistance program in Korea

허윤
한국국제통상학회 (The Korean Association of Trade and Industry Studies)|2007.05|국제통상연구 (Journal of International Trade and Industry Studies)|제12권 제1호|pp. 29-55

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참고문헌

키워드

보상FTA실업Compensation노동시장자유무역협정(FTA)무역자유화Trade Liberalization무역조정지원(TAA)TAAJob Displacement
주제분류무역학

초록

무역조정지원제도는 무역관련 피해계층에 대해 ‘물적 인센티브’를 제공하고 필요한 내부협상을 원활하게 가져가는, 소위 ‘정치적 유용성’이라는 관점에서 접근할 필요가 있다. 무역조정 지원의 구체적인 규모와 범위는 ‘제한된 예산’이라는 공적 제약조건하에서 정부와 업계, 노조 등 관련 이익단체들이 내부협상과정을 통하여 협의해야 할 내용으로 판단된다. 지원 대상의 자격심사는 기업이나 근로자에 관계없이 전문성과 객관성을 확보한 무역위원회를 중심으로 일원화되는 것이 바람직하며 농업과 서비스 산업 또한 무역조정지원제도의 큰 틀 속에 중장기적으로 포함시켜 체계적으로 운영하고 관리하는 것이 바람직하다. 시장의 실패를 보정하기 위한 최소한의 정부 개입을 중심으로 프로그램이 운영되어야 하며 이에 대해 효과적인 모니터링 시스템을 구축해야 한다. 제한된 자료를 중심으로, 우리나라의 경우 형평성의 논리를 검증해 본 결과, 제조업의 경우 수입이 실업에 결정적 영향을 미친다는 증거를 찾아보기 어렵고 수입경쟁이 심한 사업에서 실직당한 사람들 또한 여타 제조업에서 실직당한 사람과 비교하여 차별화된 특성이 존재하지 않았다.

Abstract

This paper examines the validity of the rationale behind the introduction of the TAA(trade adjustment assistance) system in Korea. An extensive survey of the literature on the issue finds us little evidence to back up the ‘equity' or ‘efficiency' arguments. The empirical evidence supporting either equity or efficiency arguments for specific trade-related assistance is relatively weak. It finds that the political argument is the best for TAA's creation and its maintenance. The paper also offers a case study on the impact of import competition on job displacement in Korean manufacturing industries. The empirical result shows that import competition raises the job displacement rate in the Korean manufacturing sector but the elasticity is negligible in its magnitude. Worker characteristics, such as gender, age, job tenure, and education level, proved to be significant in determining the displacement rate. Policy implications from the experience of the U.S. TAA are derived for the effective implementation of the TAA system in Korea. More effective methods of compensation must continue to be found while at the same time the institutional difficulty associated with ‘moral hazard' and ‘adverse selection' must be recognized and redressed.

참고문헌 (32)

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