국경간 디지털상거래의 쟁점과 과제
Issues of Cross-Border Digital Trade and Their Implications
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디지털화의 진전과 더불어 국경간 디지털상거래가 통상규범의 새로운 논점으로 부각되고 있다. 본고는 그동안 국제포럼에서 논의되어 온 디지털상거래의 개념과 범위를 분석하고, 한미 FTA 및 TPP 전자상거래 협상을 분석하여 다음과 같은 특징을 발견하였다. 첫째, 통상협정의 사각지대에 놓여 있었던 디지털 전송가능 서비스와 디지털재화가 새로운 규율 대상으로 대두되고 있다. 둘째, 그동안 경제･통상규범의 영역에서는 거의 다루어지지 않았던 데이터, 특히 개인정보의 보호와 국경간 이전이 주요 쟁점으로 등장했다. 셋째, 기업간 거래 중심이었던(B2B) 과거 통상규범에 비해 기업과 소비자의 직접적인 거래(B2C)에 많은 비중이 주어지고 있다. 넷째, 아직 전자상거래라는 한정된 협상 영역에서 주로 다루어지지만, 디지털상거래는 향후 광범위한 통상규범 영역에 영항을 줄 것으로 예상된다.
Abstract
Cross-border transactions of intangible goods/services and data are rapidly increasing, and raise new regulatory issues. This study defines digital trade and identifies issues of cross-border digital trade by analysing e-commerce chapters of KORUS FTA, TPP and WTO TiSA negotiations. They try to fill loopholes in the existing trade rules by regulating digital products, digitally deliverable services, software, content, etc. Data protection and usage is now becoming a key issue in international trade negotiations. B2C aspects of international transactions are being actively reflected in trade rules. Issues of digital trade, not limited to the e-commerce chapter, could affect diverse aspects of the existing trade rules.
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