반덤핑 조사에서의 PMS 판정- 우리 무역구제 법령 및 제도에 대한 함의
PMS Methodology in Antidumping Investigations- New Implications for Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Investigation Laws, Regulations and Practices of Korea
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초록
반덤핑 조사에서 PMS 조사기법에 대한 국제적 관심이 고조되고 있다. 이러한 조사방식은 반덤핑 조사와 상계관세 조사를 서로 연결하여 진행하는 것으로 새로운 현상이다. 우리 기업들에 대하여도 큰 부담으로 다가오고 있다. 특히 PMS 개념을 구성가격 산정 시 생산비용 계산에 도입한 미국의 TPEA 제504조나 이를 실제 적용한 최근 미 상무부의 판정례는 WTO 반덤핑협정에 합치하지 않는 것으로 일단 판단된다. 다만 이와 별도로 이러한 새로운 추세를 감안하여 동 조사방법을 WTO 협정 합치적인 방식으로 우리 무역구제 조사에 수용하는 방안 역시 진지하게 고민할 필요가 있다. 우리 무역구제 제도가 앞으로 우리 국내적으로 더욱 중요한 역할을 담당하게 될 것이라는 점을 전제하면 통상협정에 합치하는 한도 내에서는 새로운 조사기법을 적극적으로 수용하여 활용하는 것도 필요하다. 특히 PMS 조사방법은 실제 시장에서의 왜곡현상을 확인하고 이를 반덤핑 조사과정에 반영하는 과정에서 조사당국의 재량권을 여러 측면에서 강화하는 부분이 있다. 또한 PMS 조사방식은 우리나라가 상계관세 조사를 준비하는 데 있어 중요한 사전정지작업의 성격도 아울러 갖고 있다. 따라서 이러한 점을 고려하여 이 제도의 WTO 협정 합치적인 수용방안을 모색하여 우리 국내법령에 반영하고 무역위원회의 반덤핑 조사 과정에 활용할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
Recently, Particular Market Situation (PMS) has become a controversial topic in the antidumping investigations conducted by the United States and EU. This new methodology aims to look into whether a domestic market of an exporting country has been distorted because of a variety of reasons – both macroeconomic and microeconomic reasons. If such a finding is made, it then affect the calculation of normal value in antidumping investigations. Practically, this finding of PMS means disqualification of the ‘actual’ price and cost of production in the domestic market, and instead incorporation of ‘surrogate’ price and cost from other sources, notably those from outside the exporting country. It has a tendency of driving up the antidumping margins, all things being equal. It appears that the PMS methodology as applied by the United States in accordance with the new trade law (TPEA Section 504 of 2015) constitutes a violation of the WTO Antidumping Agreement. At the same time, the provisions of the Antidumping Agreement and the relevant jurisprudence of the WTO panel and the Appellate Body arguably indicate that there are ways to introduce and apply PMS in a way consistent with relevant provisions of the agreement. If that is the case, Korea may consider adopting a PMS methodology consistent with the provisions of the Antidumping Agreement. This would complement the current situation of Korea where countervailing duty investigations are not conducted yet. It may also provide Korea with an opportunity to consider undertaking necessary legislative and regulatory amendments in order to carry out CVD investigations in the near future.
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