전기 방사 공정의 제조 변수를 이용한 TiO2 나노섬유의 직경 제어
The control of TiO2 nanofiber diameters using fabrication variables in electrospinning method
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초록
TiO2는 물리적, 화학적 안정성이 높고, 신체에 무해하여 태양전지, 치과용 임플란트 및 광촉매 같은 다양한 분야에서 사용되어 왔다. 비표면적이 큰 TiO2 나노섬유는 생체 친화성 제품에서 좋은 반응성과 공기 및 수질 정화시 우수한 광촉매 특성을 보여주었다. TiO2 나노섬유를 제조하기 위해 전기방사법을 사용하였으며, 제조 변수에 따른 직경 변화를 관찰하기 위해 precursor 성분 변수와 공정 변수로 구분하여 미세구조 변화를 분석하였다. Precursor 성분 변수로는PVP (Polyvinylpyrrolidone) 및 TTIP (Titanium(Ⅳ) isopropoxide)의 농도를 선택하였고, 공정 변수로는 주입 속도와 인가 전압을 선택하였다. TiO2 나노섬유의 미세구조와 결정구조는 FE-SEM (Field emission scanning electron microscope)와 XRD (X-ray diffraction)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 450ºC 에서 3시간 열처리 공정을 통해, 평균 직경 약 0.27 µm에서 1.31 µm를 갖는 as-spun TiO2 나노섬유가 0.22 µm에서부터 0.78 µm의 평균 직경을 갖는 anatase 상의 TiO2 나노섬유로 상전이 됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 평균 직경 0.22 µm의 anatase TiO2 나노섬유는 비 표면적 증대에 의한 광촉매 특성 향상을 기대할 수 있다. 또한 TiO2 나노섬유의 직경 변화를 위해서는 주입 속도 및 인가 전압과 같은 공정 변수보다는 PVP 농도 및 TTIP 농도와 같은 precursor 성분 변수를 제어하는 것이 더욱 효과적이었다.
Abstract
TiO2 has been used in various fields such as solar cells, dental implants, and photocatalysis, because it has high physical and chemical stability and is harmless to the body. TiO2 nanofibers which have a large specific surface area also show a good reactivity in bio-friendly products and excellent photocatalysis in air and water purification. To fabricate TiO2 nanofibers, an electrospinning method was used. To observe the diameter of TiO2 nanofibers with fabrication variables, the fabrication variables was divided into precursor composition variables and process variables and microstructure was analyzed. The concentrations of PVP (Polyvinylpyrrolidone) and TTIP (Titanium(Ⅳ) isopropoxide) were selected as precursor composition variables, and inflow velocity and voltage were also selected as process variables. Microstructure and crystal structure of TiO2 nanofibers were analyzed using FE-SEM (Field emission scanning electron microscope) and XRD (X-ray diffraction), respectively. As-spun TiO2 nanofibers with an average diameter of about 0.27 μm to 1.31 μm were transformed to anatase TiO2 nanofibers with an average diameter of about 0.22 μm to 0.78 μm after heat treatment of 3 hours at 450ºC. Anatase TiO2 nanofibers with an average diameter of 0.22 μm can be expected to improve the photocatalytic properties by increasing the specific surface area. To change the average diameter of TiO2 nanofibers, the control of precursor composition variables such as concentrations of PVP and TTIP is more efficient than the control of electrospinning process variables such as inflow velocity and voltage.
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