기업의 공식ㆍ비공식 학습과 구성원 직업기초능력
Effect of Formal and Informal Learning in Organization on Employee's Basic Skill
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본 연구에서는 기업의 공식, 비공식 학습이 구성원의 직업기초능력 개발에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 비공식 학습은 작업장과 일상생활 두 영역으로 나누어 살펴보았다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 직업기초능력인 독해력에 대해 일생 생활에서의 비공식 학습만이 의미있는 영향을 미쳤다. 문서이해력에 대해서는 공식, 비공식 학습 모두가 의미있는 영향을 미쳤다. 수리력 은 비공식 학습 중 일생 생활 영역만이 의미있는 영향을 미쳤다. 문제해결력은 공식 학습, 일상생활의 비공식 학습이 의미있는 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 공식 교육, 즉 학력은 4가지 직업기초능력 모두에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 이상의 연구를 통해 직업기초능력 향상에 기업의 공식 학습의 역할이 상대적으로 미흡하다는 것을 밝혔다. 이를 근거로 향후 기업에서도 구성원의 직업기초능력을 개발하는 다양한 방법을 강구할 필요가 있음을 제시하였다.
Abstract
This study mainly purported to examine the effect of formal and informal learning in organization on employee’s basic skill which contains prose literacy, document literacy, numeracy, and problem solving. In this study, informal learning is divided into two types, workplace and non-workplace, according to learning place. The results of this research are summarized as follows; First, only informal learning in non-workplace has effect on employee’s prose literacy. All formal and informal learning are associated with document literacy. Numeracy is related with only informal learning in non-workplace. Problem solving skill is influenced by formal learning and informal learning in non-workplace. Second, formal education by national institution has effect on all kinds of basic skill. This result is consistent with previous researches. Based on these analyses, I come to the conclusion that it is not sufficient for organization to improve employee’s basic skill through formal learning. Based on the resources based view of firm and the transaction cost theory, there is little incentive for organization to invest in the improvement of employee’s basic skill, because basic skill is not directly connected with firm's strategies and firm specific assets. But radical change in business environment is demanding the high level of employee’s basic skill in organization. In this conflicting situation, organization should develop methods to not only improve employee's basic skill but also reduce the expense. I would like to introduce one measure like alliance with other organization in same industry in performing education and learning function. In employees’ sides, they should take the initiative in developing basic skill through informal learning in non-workplace. In this study, informal learning in non-workplace is very important method to improve employee's basic skill. Regardless of formal and informal learning in workplace, employees should improve basic skill through various methods such as the observation of other’s behavior and the reflection of own experience. In conclusion, to improve employees’ basic skill, organizations should take measures that should lessen a burden for them and support employees to involve themselves in informal learning in non-workplace.
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