우리나라 수도권 첨단기업의 입지 결정 요인
Factors Affecting Location Decision of the High-tech Firms in the Capital Area of South Korea
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초록
4차 산업혁명으로 인해 생산방식, 시장구조, 삶의 모습 및 고용구조가 크게 달라질 것으로 전망되고 있다. 특히 기존 일자리 감소가 우려되는 상황에서 정부와 지자체들은 이에 대응하기 위해 산업구조의 개편과 첨단산업 육성을 위해 노력하고 있다. 또한 정부는 국토의 균형발전이라는 측면에서, 지자체들은 해당 지역의 경제와 일자리 창출을 위해 첨단기업을 유치하려는 정책을 추진 중인데 실제로 첨단기업들이 선호하는 입지의 조건들에 대한 학계의 연구와 분석은 미흡한 편이다. 본 연구는 첨단기업들의 창업 또는 이전을 위한 대상지 선정과 관련하여 입지를 결정할 때 중요하게 고려되는 요인을 조사 및 분석하여 정부와 지자체에 정책적 시사점을 제공하는 것이 목적이다. 2012년과 2016년에 수도권 내 첨단기업들의 입지결정요인을 조사․분석한 결과, ‘편리한 교통’이 가장 중요한 요인인 것으로 나타났으며 ‘고객과의 거리감’과 ‘저렴한 지가․분양가’가 다음 순위로 나타났다. 또한 일반적으로 첨단기업들에게 중요할 것이라고 여겨지던 ‘우수한 인재 확보’ 및 ‘산학연 연계 용이성’은 후순위로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과는 정부와 지자체에서 지역의 일자리를 만들고 경제를 활성화하기 위한 정책수단으로 첨단단지를 조성하고 관련기업들을 유치하고자 할 때 시사점을 제공한다.
Abstract
The current and developing environment of disruptive technologies and trends such as the internet of things (IoT), big data analysis and artificial intelligence (AI) has been called as the fourth industrial revolution. In this new era, a dramatical change of production systems, market structures, life styles and labor markets is expected. In this regard, many experts have grave concerns about the reduction of current jobs. So, the central and local governments of South Korea have been upgrading the industrial structure and fostering the high-technology based industries in terms of the new job creation. Constructing innovation clusters have been often proposed as one of the political tools for inviting high-tech companies into the regions and creating high-quality jobs. The purpose of this study is to analyse factors affecting location decision of high-tech firms in the capital area of South Korea and to provide implications to the policy decision-makers and academia. In order to fulfill this purpose, the Two surveys were conducted: the one in 2012 and the other in 2016. The main findings of the study are as follows. First, the high-tech firms put the biggest emphasis on the convenient transportation systems for the location decision. More than 25 million people live and work in the capital area of South Korea and traffic is always the relevant factor for the residents and workers. Because of the large volume of traffic in the area of Seoul, employees certainly prefer firms which can be easily arrived with the public transport modes such as subway and city buses. In order to recruit high-qualified employees, the high-tech firms would be located in a place which is easy to get to. As the next relevant factors affecting location decision for the high-tech firms, the distance to their customers and reasonable price of the land and/or rent followed. The easy availability of the high-qualified employees and the research and development with universities were unexpectedly subordinated. This results can be explained as that the respondents have already located in the capital area and had less difficulties in terms of employing talented personnel or doing co-R&D with universities.
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