경산 임당고분 출토 철제고리자루칼 칠의 유기물 분석
Organic Material Analysis of a Lacquered Wooden Sheath of Long Sword with Ring Pommel Excavated in Imdang Ancient Tomb
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초록
경북 경산에 위치한 원삼국시대 고분인 임당1호분에서 출토된 칠초 철제 고리자루칼의 칠편에 대해 칠의 구성성분과 풍화상태를 확인하기 위해 열분해/GC/MS법으로 유기물을 분석하였다. 직접 열분해/GC/MS법에서 칠편과 원주산건조옻이 대체적으로 유사한 크로마토그램을 보였다. THM(thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation)-열분해/GC/MS법의 경우 칠편에서 한국에 자생하는 옻나무 종의 특징적인 성분(1,2-dimethoxy-3-pentadecylbenzene 등)이관찰되었다. 또한, dimethyl nonanedioate 등 건성유에서 비롯되는 것으로 보이는 성분도 검출되었다. 칠편에서 산화된catechol 성분이 다량 검출되는 것으로 보아 칠의 열화가 우루시올 성분의 산화와 관련 있을 것으로 추정된다. 이로부터임당1호분 고리자루칼 칠은 옻과 건성유를 사용하였고 오랜 시간의 경과로 산화가 많이 진행된 상태인 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
In order to examine the constituents and weathered state of a lacquer specimen, analysis of the organic materialswas conducted using py/GC/MS(pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). The samples were obtained fromthe lacquered wooden sheath of a long ring-pommel sword excavated in the Imdang No.1 ancient tomb constructed aroundthe Proto-Three Kingdoms period. In direct py/GC/MS, the sample and the dried Asian lacquer showed similarchromatograms, while the characteristic compounds of Asian lacquer such as 1,2-dimethoxy-3-pentadecylbenzene wereobserved in THM(thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation)-py/GC/MS. In addition, compounds like dimethylnonanedioate, which presumably originated from drying oil, were also detected. Furthermore, the detection of oxidizedcatechols in considerable amount indicated that the degradation of lacquer is estimated to result from the oxidation ofurushiol. Therefore, it is suggested that the lacquered wooden sheath was prepared using Asian lacquer and drying oil,and that the lacquer layer was considerably oxidized over the long burial time.
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