사회 네트워크 인지정확성의 형성요인에 관한 이론적 고찰
The Antecedents of Individuals’ Cognitive Accuracy on Social Network Structures
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조직 내 비공식 인간관계에 대한 이해가 중요하다는 인식이 확대됨에 따라 사회 네트워크 관점에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 하지만 대부분의 네트워크 연구들은 관계에 직접 참여하고 있는 행위자로서의 개인을 주로 다루며, 주변인들 사이의 인간관계를 인지하는 개인 입장에 초점을 둔 연구는 아직 드문 형편이다. 본 연구에서는 그 동안 네트워크 연구계에서 상대적으로 간과되어 온 관계지각자로서의 개인에 주목하여, 왜 어떤 이들은 주변 사람들 간의 사회적 관계를 파악하는데 뛰어난 능력을 보이는 반면, 다른 이들은 그 방면에 그리 능하지 못한지 그 원인을 탐구하고자 하였다. 조직 내에 펼쳐진 인간관계를 실제와 가깝게 지각하는 정도를 사회 네트워크 인지정확성이라고 한다. 네트워크 인지정확성은 개인 수준에서 일종의 권력의 원천이 될 뿐 아니라, 기업 차원의 인력배치, 교육훈련, 다운사이징과 이직 등에 있어서 조직 내 네트워크 상황을 고려한 관리가 가능하도록 도와준다는 점에서, 누가 네트워크를 보다 정확하게 지각하는가의 문제는 매우 큰 경영학적 함의를 지닌다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구의 목적은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 네트워크 인지정확성의 개념, 경영학적 의의 및 측정방법을 소개한다. 둘째, 선행연구 고찰을 토대로 인지정확성에 영향을 미치는 형성요인들에 대해 이론적으로 탐구함으로써, 왜 정확성 수준에 있어서 개인차가 존재하는지 관련 명제들을 제시한다. 연구결과, 마키아벨리적 성향, 자기감시성향, 외향성, 감정이입능력, 연결중심성이 사회 네트워크 인지정확성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치리라는 명제들이 도출되었다. 또한 본 연구를 토대로 수행될 수 있는 향후 연구 방향을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 조직 전체 인간관계에 대한 구성원의 인지 문제를 다루며, 그 개인차를 심리적 특성과 구조적 특성을 통해 설명한다는 점에서 사회 네트워크 논의를 보다 풍부히 하는데 기여하고자 한다.
Abstract
Recently, academicians and practitioners are emphasizing the importance of understanding the informal relationships in organizations. However, the previous social network researchers limited their interests in the studies on actors who participate in social relationships. As a result, the individuals as perceivers who observe social relationships created among others are not investigated. In this study, we explored the origins of the accuracy in social network perception. The purpose of this study is as follows. First, this study intends to introduce the concept of cognitive accuracy in social network perception and the research methodology. Second, it suggests propositions which predict the relationships between the individual characteristics as well as network structure and cognitive accuracy. We suggest the variables such as machiavellianism, self-monitoring, extraversion, empathy and degree-centrality as the antecedents of accuracy in network perception. Managerial implications and future research directions are also discussed.
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