일본 이세(伊勢)상인의 조직관리시스템에 관한 史的 고찰 ― 에도시대 마츠자카 출신 상인들을 중심으로 ―

Abstract

Ise Merchants of Big three Japanese merchants were typical merchant group that push into the big three cities of Japan such as Edo, Kyoto and Osaka, and drive forward the centralization strategy to strength market power. The purpose of this study is to find success factors that Ise Merchants could strength market power in big three cities from unique organizational management system built and operated to pursue efficiently the management strategy to respond to external environment. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, it defined limited concepts for key words related to subjects of this study after searching previous main studies about Ise Merchant, and the framework of this study was designed on the basis of such concepts and previous studies. Next, we can see overall activities and shop operation of Ozu Merchant family and Mitsui Merchant family of Ise Merchants in the Edo Period of Japan. The characteristics of Ise Merchant’s organizational management system were found on the three aspects of organizational structure, the system of personnel management and performance management through analysis for the operation and management state of Ise Merchant’s shops. The characteristics of organizational structure are the head office function based on region, the professional executive system, the holding company system, the divisional organization structure. The characteristics of personnel management are the custom of employment of person from Ise, the promotion and career development based on field experience, the radical education and training by on the job training, etc,. The characteristics are the periodical business reporting system, the dispatch system of Mokudai as such auditor and consultant, etc. As a result, the control system of multiple shops-for-one home was success factor that Ise Merchant could driven forward to big three cities as a system of many-for-one remote management. This control system of multiple shops-for-one home was driven effectively because of the professional executive system, the dispatch system of Mokudai, the periodical business reporting system, the payment system of geld. Finally, eight business historical implications were suggested by this study.