조선 후반기 제2기 불교건축과 예배상과의 관계에서 본 도상의미 연구

Abstract

This thesis deals with the problem of phenomenon on the re-interpretation in 18th century for the buddhist main temple architectures built by 5×3 square in the 17th century. In the 17th century, all of these buildings were erected as Sakyamuni Hall, but Sakyamuni·Amitabha·Bhaisajyaguru Buddha triad or Virocana·Amitabha·Bhaisajyaguru Buddha trinity were enshrined in them. Since the 18th century, these buildings passed the large and small repairs, but until now the Buddha statues are remained and the name of Buddha was estimated to be unchanged. However, the repair of the building over the course of the 18th century has undergone various changes. In Nonsan Ssanggye-sa and Guishin-sa, their two-story building were remodeled as a single layer. Most of these buildings may had been a change in the shape of the roof by going through the repair or reconstruction. Whatever was the original form, these buildings came to be divided into two main categories at the 18th century. One is the Sakyamuni Hall lineage which has a gambrel roof enshrined the Sakyamuni Triad in it while the other is the Vairocana Hall lineage which has a gable roof with Vairocana Trinity. In addition, it is something in common that the gambrel roof lineage with Sakyamuni Triad is associated with Byugam Gakseong. Buddhism at these periods can be summarized in general three lines; Hwaeom, Zen, and Pure Land. Vairocana, Sakyamuni and Amitabha buddha symbolized each religious sects. Further, Bhaisajyaguru buddha was concerned with Tantric buddhism on which the ritual text of these periods based. If we admitted that there must be an iconographic meaning, we can find the reason in some visual character as next. The Sakyamuni Triad shrine intended to emphasis the central directivity of Sakyamuni buddha with attendance of other dimensional buddhas. But in case of Vairocana trinity, it intends to show an equality of Tri-Kaya(三身) of buddhas. The gambrel roof looks be coincidence to show the central directivity by symmetrical component while the gable roof is correspondence to show the equality by horizontal extendability.