18세기 조각승 하천(夏天) 불상의 작풍 연구

Abstract

Hacheon(夏天) is a representative mook sculptor who was active in the first half of the 18th century. Hacheon was the last disciple of the best sculptor of the time, Saeknan(色難), and in 1727, he became the best sculptor in the first half of the 18th century when he created the wooden Trikala Buddhas statue in Daeungjeon(大雄殿) Hall of Donghwasa(桐華寺) Temple and the Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva statue in Gwaneumsa(觀音寺) Temple in Daegu. There are a total of seven Buddha statues produced by Hacheon, and it is presumed that he participated as the representative monk sculptor in the production of these statues. Hacheon began making Buddha statues in earnest as the representative mook sculptor, creating two Bodhisattva statues at Geumtapsa(金塔寺) Temple in Goheung, South Jeolla Province, in 1726. Hacheon is moved to Gyeongsang-do in 1727 and began his activities in Daegu. The works produced at this time are the wooden Buddha statue of Donghwasa Temple in Daeungjeon Hall of Donghwasa Temple in Daegu and the wooden Bodhisattva statue of Myeongbujeon(冥府殿) Holl of Songnimsa(松林寺) Temple, which is currently enshrined in Gwaneumsa Temple in Daegu. Hacheon became known as the best mook sculptor of his time with the production of the Trikala Buddhas statue of Donghwasa Temple and the Bodhisattva statue of Gwaneumsa Temple in 1727. Since then, Hacheon has led the creation of Buddha statues in Daegu and its neighboring areas, including the Wooden Buddhad at Eunjeoksa(隱跡寺) Temple in Daegu, and the Wooden Buddha Triad at Bonggoksa(鳳谷寺) Temple in Gimcheon and the Wooden Buddha Triad at Gwanyongsa(觀龍寺) Temple in Changnyeong. Hacheon is considered to have drawn a stroke in the history of Buddhist sculpture in the 18th century in that he inherited the style of Saeknan, which was a dialogue history at the end of the 17th century, and developed into his own style by breaking away from the style of his seniors Chungok(沖玉) and Ilgi(一幾). In fact, Hacheon's disciples are presumed to be Deukchal(得察), Seongchan(成粲), and Jonghye(宗惠), who participated in the seated wooden Bodhisattva statues at Gwaneumsa Temple in Daegu (1727) and the wooden Buddha statues at Changnyeongpogyodang(昌寧布敎堂)(1730). However, since there is no known Buddhist statue made by Hacheon's disciples, it is judged that the influence of the colored school disappeared rapidly starting with Hacheon. Hacheon's Buddha statue clearly reveals the universal iconographic characteristics of the late Joseon Dynasty and fits the situation of the times in the first half of the 18th century. Hacheon's Buddha statue is dominated by the influence of colorlessness, but it shows steeper and more familiar stylistic characteristics than the colorlessness Buddha statue.