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SDA를 통한 한국과 중국의 성장요인 분석: 조립가공업을 중심으로

Main Features and Growth Factors in the Korean and Chinese Assembly and Processing Manufacturing Sectors by the Input-Output Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA)

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초록

본 연구의 목적은 투입산출 구조분해를 통해 한국과 중국 조립가공업 부문의 성장요인 추이 및 주요 특징을 분석하는 것이다. 분석결과 첫째, 한국 조립가공업의 성장요인은 전 기간을 통틀어 수출수요, 최종수요, 최종재 수입대체, 중간재 수입대체 등의 순이었다. 중국은 최종수요, 수출수요, 최종재 수입대체, 기술변화 등이었다. 둘째, 한국 조립가공업은 세부 업종별로 그 영향정도는 다소 차이가 있으나 외환위기 등 외부충격에 특히 취약한 구조였다. 반면에 중국의 경우는 안정적인 환율관리정책으로 인해 대부분의 업종에서 큰 영향을 받지 않았다. 셋째, 최근의 SDA 총산출증가액 기준 한국의 성장업종은 영상/음향/통신기기, 기계장비, 선박, 자동차, 전기기계 등이었다. 중국의 성장업종은 자동차, 영상/음향/통신기기, 전기기계, 기계장비 등으로 한국과 유사한 성장업종 구성을 보이고 있어 향후 치열한 수출경합관계가 예상된다. 따라서 한국 조립가공업의 발전과 지속적인 성장을 위해서는 조립가공업의 경쟁력을 담보할 수 있는 핵심 부품소재부문에서의 가격 및 품질경쟁력 제고가 최우선적인 전략이 될 것이다.

Abstract

The objective of this study is to figure out the main features and growth factors in the Korean and Chinese Assembly and Processing manufacturing sectors (APM) by the input-output structural decomposition analysis (SDA). Main features of SDA are as follows. First of all, the growth factors in Korean assembly and processing manufacturing sectors are in oder of export demand, final demand, import substitution for final goods, import substitution for intermediate goods, etc, during the all periods. In case of China, those are in order of final demand, export demand, import substitution for final goods, technical change, etc. Second, Korean APM sub-sectors have a very fragile structure affected easily by the external shock such as Asian crisis, though each sectors have a little of differences of those impacts. In the meantime, most of the APM sub-sectors in China were not so much influenced by the Asian crisis according to the well-managed yuan exchange rate of Chinese Government. Third, the growing sub-sectors within Korean and Chinese APM are very similar ones such as radio/television/communication equipment, machinery/equipment, building and repairing of ships/ boats, motor vehicles/trailers, electrical machinery/apparatus, etc. It seems to be highly expected that the edge-competition of export within APM sectors of tow countries will keep going in the near future. Thus, the most urgent strategy will be the price competitiveness and high quality in the core parts and components for the development and sustainable growth of Korean APM sectors.

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