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애덤 스미스의 법과 경제: 행동경제학-행동법학적 관점을 중심으로

Adam Smith's Law and Economics: A Behavioral Law Approach

김광수
한국국제경제학회 (The Korea International Economic Association)|2012.12|국제경제연구 (KUKJE KYUNGJE YONGU)|제18권 제4호|pp. 25-53|DOI 10.17298/kky.2012.18.4.002

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애덤 스미스Adam Smith행동경제학법과 경제행동법학인지-감정체계Behavioral Law and EconomicsAffective and Cognitive Systems
주제분류경제학

초록

본 연구는 현대 행동경제학-행동법학적 관점에서 스미스의 법경제학을 조명하고 국가의 역할에 관한 사상을 보다 일관성 있게 이해하고자 한다. 법과 경제의 문제를 포함한 스미스의 사회과학 모형 속에서 사람들은 신중한 합리성을 유지하고자 하는 경향이 있지만 동시에 과도한 낙관성, 절제력의 한계, 현재 선호적인 근시안적 마음, 손실회피 성향 등 제한된 합리성을 보이며, 또한 공정성, 시기심, 분노 등의 감정이 의사결정에 영향을 미치는 등 감정 및 인지 체계의 통합원리에 따라 행동한다. 스미스의 법경제학에서 권리침해에 수반되는 분노에 관한 동감과 이성의 통합적 상호작용에 근거하여 성립하는 정의와 효용의 가치는 교환과 불법행위를 규율하고 규제하기 위한 국가법제도의 기원과 변화의 원리가 되고 있으며, 특히 손실회피성향과 보유효과는 사법적 관행에서 반영되는 심리적 법칙으로 나타난다. 또한 스미스는 사람들의 제한된 합리성을 고려하여 노동자 의무교육, 금융시장 통제와 같은 사회경제적 영역에 관한 규제 등 국가의 온정주의적 방식의 개입을 추가로 승인했다.

Abstract

This paper aims to present that Smith's view of law and economics and further of the role of state can be better understood in terms of a behavioral law and economics approach. In Smith's model of social science humans act through the interactions between affective and cognitive systems, where full and bounded rationality as well as a variety of passions and fairness find expression in the mind. In regard to systematic bounded rationality Smith supported a way of paternalistic intervention for such socio-economic arenas as education and financial markets in a system of natural liberty.

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