조선후기 後宮 嘉禮의 절차와 변천 -慶嬪 金氏 嘉禮를 중심으로-

Abstract

This paper examined the procedures and changes of royal concubine's felicitous ceremony(嘉禮) in the late Joseon with centered on the wedding ceremony of Gyeongbin Kim(慶嬪 金氏) in King Hyeonjong(顯宗) period. Joseon's national ceremony code stipulated the wedding ceremonies of queen, crown princess, grand crown princess, prince, princess, king´s daughter by a concubine, noble family but omitted that of royal concubine. Passing through King Sukjong(肅宗), King Yeongjo(英祖) and King Jeongjo(正祖), however, royal concubine's wedding ceremony had got certain system gradually. With the entrance of Sukeui(淑儀) Kim in King Sukjong period, Joseon court prepared Dokroiyeon(獨牢宴) and Jogyeonrye(朝見禮), which was for King, Queen Mother and Queen. ‘Sukeui's felicitous ceremony’(淑儀嘉禮) was listed individually in Gukhonjeongrye(國婚定例) in Yeongjo period. When Jeongjo took Wonbin Hong(元嬪 洪氏) in 1780(King Jeongjo's second year), he adjusted the formality of royal concubine's felicitous ceremony making lower than that of Queen and higher than that of royal concubine who had been a court lady. In Wonbin's wedding ceremony, Nabchai(納采), Nabpye(納幣) and Chaegbin(冊嬪) programs were added, and Chaegbin program used Jukchaek(竹冊) and Eunin(銀印), which means that the status of royal concubine's ceremony was enhanced. The wedding ceremony of Gyeongbin Kim(慶嬪 金氏) was progressed in the order of ‘Nabchai - Nabpye - Seongyomyeong(宣敎命) - Jogyeondaejeon(朝見大殿) - Dongroiyeon(同牢宴) - Ikiljogyeon(翌日朝見)’. It was an incomplete wedding ceremony because, among the Six Ceremonies of Royal wedding ceremony, Gogi(告期) and Chinyeong(親迎) were omitted. In addition, wild goose, the symbol of marriage, did not appear. Chaikmun(冊文) and Insu(印綬) which appeared at the wedding ceremony of Wonbin were omitted and Only Gyomyeongmun(敎命文) was given. Royal concubine's wedding ceremony in the late Joseon illustrated the negative recognition about royal concubine as well as the higher status of royal concubines from noble family, at the same time. In the Joseon period where queen and concubine were discriminated strictly, it was impossible for concubine to share the ceremony of married couple with queen. Though the wedding ceremony of Gyeongbin Kim was a wedding ceremony, even symbols that could be found easily in the common wedding ceremony were omitted. It showed that royal concubines were in low position. However, even without the symbols of couple, the wedding ceremony of Gyeongbin Kim exhibited the position of royal concubine who came from a noble family seeking position rising, differentiating from royal concubine who was once a court lady.