중소벤처기업 임직원의 ESG경영 참여의도 영향요인에 대한 탐색적 연구: 계획된 행동이론을 중심으로
An Exploratory Study on the Influencing Factors of SMEs Employees' Participation Intentions about ESG Management: Focusing on the Theory of Planned Behavior
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초록
본 연구는 중소벤처기업의 ESG(환경·사회·지배구조)경영 도입 및 활성화와 관련하여, 임직원의 ESG경영 참여의도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해 실증분석을 수행하였다. 이를 위해 국내 중소벤처기업에 종사하는 사무직을 대상으로 기업가지향성, 승인된 목표, 전문지식, ESG경영에 대한 태도·주관적 규범·지각된 행동통제, 임직원의 ESG경영 참여의도에 대한 인과관계를 분석했다. 또한 기업가지향성 및 승인된 목표와 임직원의 ESG경영 참여의도 간의 관계에서 각각 ESG경영에 대한 태도·주관적 규범의 매개효과를 검증하였으며, ESG경영에 대한 태도·주관적 규범과 임직원의 ESG경영 참여의도의 관계에서 지각된 행동통제의 조절효과를 실증하였다. 전국의 중소벤처기업 종사자 276명을 대상으로 한 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기업가지향성과 승인된 목표, 전문지식은 각각 ESG경영 참여에 대한 태도와 주관적 규범, 지각된 행동통제에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 둘째, ESG경영 참여에 대한 태도와 주관적 규범은 각각 기업가지향성과 ESG경영 참여의도 간의 관계 및 승인된 목표과 ESG경영 참여의도 간의 관계에서 부분 매개 효과가 있음을 실증하였다. 셋째, 지각된 행동통제는 ESG경영 참여에 대한 태도와 ESG경영 참여의도 간의 관계 및 ESG경영 참여에 대한 주관적 규범과 ESG경영 참여의도 간의 관계를 조절함을 실증하였다. 넷째, ESG경영 참여에 대한 태도의 수준이 높아질수록 지각된 행동통제 수준이 높거나 낮음에 관계없이 ESG경영 참여의도가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 앞서 넷째와 반대로 ESG경영 참여에 대한 주관적 규범의 수준이 높아질수록 지각된 행동통제가 높은 집단은 비례하여 ESG경영 참여의도가 높아졌지만, 반면에 지각된 행동통제가 낮은 집단은 반비례하여 ESG경영 참여의도가 낮아졌다. 마지막으로 연구의 시사점, 연구의 한계와 향후 연구 방향을 제시하였다.
Abstract
This study was conducted to empirically analyze the factors that influence employees' intention to participate in ESG management in relation to the introduction and activation of ESG management(environmental, social, and governance) in SMEs. For this purpose, the causal relationships between entrepreneurial orientation, approval goals, expertise, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and employees' participation intentions about ESG management were analyzed among white-collar employees in Korean SMEs. We tested the mediating effects of attitudes and subjective norms on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and approval goals and employees' participation intentions about ESG management, respectively, and demonstrated the moderating effect of perceived behavioral control on the relationship between attitudes and subjective norms and employees' participation intentions about ESG management. The results of this empirical study, which are 276 employees of SMEs included with ventures and startupss in Korea are as follows. First, entrepreneurial orientation, approval goals, and expertise positively influenced attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control toward ESG management engagement, respectively. Second, attitudes and subjective norms toward ESG management engagement had partial mediating effects on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and participation intentions about ESG management and the relationship between approval goals and participation intentions about ESG management, respectively. Third, we demonstrate that perceived behavioral control moderates the relationship between attitudes toward ESG management engagement and participation intentions about ESG management and the relationship between subjective norms toward ESG management engagement and participation intentions about ESG management. Fourth, as the level of attitude toward ESG management engagement increases, participation intentions about ESG management increases, regardless of whether perceived behavioral control is high or low. Fifth, contrary to the fourth point, as the level of subjective norms toward ESG management engagement increased, participation intentions about ESG management increased proportionally for those with high perceived behavioral control, but inversely for those with low perceived behavioral control. Finally, the implications of the study, limitations of the study, and directions for future research are presented.
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