본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

창업가의 자원활용 역량과 지속가능 경영성과 간의 관계에서 창업 경쟁전략의 매개효과

The Effect of Entrepreneurial Competencies and Competitive Strategy on Sustainable Business Performance

김준수|김창봉
한국진로·창업경영학회 (The Korean Career·Entrepreneurship & Business Association)|2024.11|한국진로창업경영학회지 (The Journal of Korean Career·Entrepreneurship & Business Association)|제8권 제6호|pp. 1-28|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.48206/kceba.2024.8.6.1

0

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

Entrepreneurship창업가역량Entrepreneurial Competencies전략적 역량지속가능 경영성과자원활용 역량창업 경쟁전략Strategic CompetencyEntrepreneurial Competitive StrategySustainable Business Performance

초록

본 연구는 자원기반이론과 경쟁전략이론을 바탕으로, 기업이 속한 산업의 경쟁요인을 기반으로 경쟁전략을 수립하고, 전략의 실행에 있어 내부자원을 효율적으로 활용하여, 경쟁우위를 통해 중장기 관점의 기업성과를 창출하는 과정을 분석하고자 한다. 소상공인시 장진흥공단 및 e나라도움 이용 업체를 대상으로 252개의 유효한 설문 데이터를 확보하여 구조방정식 모델링 분석을 수행하였다. 실증분석 결과, 창업가의 자원활용 역량은 기업의 지속가능 경영성과 및 창업 경쟁전략에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤고, 특히, 자원활용 역량의 하위요소 중 전략적 역량은 창업 경쟁전략에 미치는 영향력이 큰 변수로 확인되었다. 또한, 창업 경쟁전략은 지속가능 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미친다고 나타났다. 결과를 종합해보면, 기업이 산업 내에서 경쟁우위를 확보할 수 있는 창업 경쟁전략을 효과적으로 강화하여 성과를 창출하기 위해서는, 창업 경쟁전략의 실행 관점에서, 창업가의 전략적인 의사결정 역량이 매우 중요함을 시사한다. 한편, 창업가의 자원활용 역량은 지속가능 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 직접적으로 미치기도 하지만, 창업 경쟁전략과 매개되어 경영성과에 간접적으로 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 창업가의 역량과 창업 경쟁전략이 연계되었을 때 경영성과를 극대화 할 수 있음을 시사한다. 특히, 특정 창업가 역량과 특정 창업 경쟁전략이 관계가 있음이 확인되며, 창업가 역량과 창업 경쟁전략 간 적합성이 존재함을 확인하였다.

Abstract

This study, based on the resource-based theory and competitive strategy theory, aims to analyze how firms formulate competitive strategies grounded in the competitive factors of their industry, and how they leverage internal resources efficiently during strategy execution to generate mid- to long-term business performance. The analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling(SEM) on 252 valid survey responses. The empirical results indicate that entrepreneurs' resource utilization capabilities positively affect both entrepreneurial competitive strategies and sustainable business performance. Among the sub-components of resource utilization capabilities, strategic capabilities were found to have the most significant impact on entrepreneurial competitive strategy. Furthermore, entrepreneurial competitive strategy was shown to positively influence sustainable business performance. In summary, the results suggest that strategic decision-making capabilities are critical for effectively enhancing competitive strategies to achieve competitive advantage within its industry and performance. Moreover, while resource utilization capabilities directly influences sustainable business performance in positive way, it also indirectly impacts business performance by mediating through competitive strategy. This underscores the importance of aligning entrepreneurial capabilities with competitive strategies to maximize business outcomes. Notably, the findings confirm a relationship between specific competitive strategies and certain entrepreneurial capabilities, highlighting the importance of the fit between resource capabilities and competitive strategy.

참고문헌 (108)

  1. 고세훈, "중소벤처기업의 경쟁전략과 경영성과 간의 구조적 관계에 관한 실증연구", 생산성연구 : 국제융합학술지, 27(1), pp.225~260 (2013)
  2. 김숙연, "사회적기업 성과와 정부지원금과의 관련성", 사회적경제와 정책연구, 7(2), pp.1~19 (2017)
  3. 김창봉, "생계형 창업의 창업가 역량이 기업성과에 미치는 영향", 벤처창업연구, 19(3), pp.13~26 (2024)
  4. 김창봉, "창업가의 전략적 역량과 경험 특성이 사회적기업의 성과에 미치는 영향 실증 연구 : 사회적 가치 추구의 매개 효과를 중심으로", 벤처창업연구, 14(5), pp.43~59 (2019)
  5. 김창봉, "제조 및 서비스 분야 기업의 창업가 역량이 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 한국생산관리학회지, 32(3), pp.235~252 (2021)
  6. 김창봉, "사회적기업의 지속가능 경영성과에 영향을 미치는 사회적기업가 지향성에 관한 실증적 연구 : 사회네트워크 역량의 조절효과", 벤처창업연구, 19(4), pp.69~85 (2024)
  7. 박종철, "기업의 지속가능경영 노력이 기업신뢰 및 고객만족도에 미치는 영향", Asia-Pacific Journal of Business & Commerce, 1(2), pp.1~22 (2009)
  8. 김형철, "벤처기업의 창업가특성과 차별화전략이 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 박사, pp.2009
  9. 박영배, "학술연구 : 벤처기업의 경쟁전략과 산업환경특성이 경영성과에 미치는 영향", 기업가정신과 벤처연구(JSBI)(구 벤처경영연구), 9(1), pp.63~86 (2006)
  10. 윤종록, "벤처기업의 창업가특성과 차별화전략이 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 대한경영학회지, 22(6), pp.3693~3721 (2009)
  11. 손수미, "스타트업의 ESG 경영지표 개발 및 활용에 대한 연구", 한국진로창업경영학회지, 7(5), pp.211~230 (2023)
  12. 송현채, "청년창업가의 개인역량과 창업준비수준이 창업성과에 미치는 영향 요인 연구 : 창업컨설팅의 조절효과 중심으로", 한국진로창업경영학회지, 8(5), pp.19~41 (2024)
  13. 이길원, "창업경영자의 기업가적 속성과 차별화 경쟁우위가 경영성과에 미치는 영향", 박사, pp.2016
  14. 이혜영, "창업가의 역량이 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 메타분석", 벤처창업연구, 14(5), pp.13~24 (2019)
  15. 최석현, "사회적기업의 성과모델에 대한 탐색적 연구 : 인증 사회적기업과 생활협동조합을 중심으로", 사회과학연구, 26(1), pp.133~155 (2015)
  16. 최용호, "최고경영자, 전략 및 구조요인이 중소기업의 성과에 미치는 영향", 중소기업연구, 25(2), pp.103~125 (2003)
  17. 추승엽, "경영환경, 경쟁전략 및 기업 내부역량 간의 적합성이 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 전략경영연구, 12(1), pp.101~126 (2009)
  18. 홍은표, "사회적 기업의 창업성과에 영향을 미치는 요인", 산업경제연구, 31(1), pp.23~42 (2018)
  19. Ahmad, N. H., "Is entrepreneurial competency and business success relationship contingent upon business environment? A study of Malaysian SMEs", International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 16(3), pp.182~203 (2010)
  20. Aidara, S., "Competitive advantages of the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and economic sustainability performance", Sustainability, 13(2), pp.864~ (2021)
  21. Allen, P. R., "Service orientation: winning strategies and best practices" (2006), Cambridge University Press
  22. Alvarez, S. A., "Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating a new mindset", pp.87~105 (2017)
  23. Amir, A., "Cost management, entrepreneurship and competitiveness of strategic priorities for small and medium enterprises", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 219, pp.84~90 (2016)
  24. Austin, J., "Social and commercial entrepreneurship : same, different, or both?", Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 30(1), pp.1~22 (2006)
  25. Bacigalupo, M., "EntreComp : The entrepreneurship competence framework", Luxembourg : Publication Office of the European Union, 10, pp.593884~ (2016)
  26. Baum, J. R., "A multidimensional model of venture growth", Academy of management journal, 44(2), pp.292~303 (2001)
  27. Baum, J. R., "Strategic decision speed and firm performance", Strategic management journal, pp.1107~1129 (2003)
  28. Bansal, P., "Why companies go green : A model of ecological responsiveness", Academy of management journal, 43(4), pp.717~736 (2000)
  29. Barney, J., "Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage", Journal of management, 17(1), pp.99~120 (1991)
  30. Block, J. H., "Necessity entrepreneurship and competitive strategy", Small Business Economics, 44, pp.37~54 (2015)
  31. Eisenmann, T, "Why startups fail: A new roadmap for entrepreneurial success" (2021), Crown Currency
  32. Chandler, G. N., "Market attractiveness, resource-based capabilities, venture strategies, and venture performance", Journal of business venturing, 9(4), pp.331~349 (1994)
  33. Combs, J. G., "Franchising research : Major milestones, new directions, and its future within entrepreneurship", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(3), pp.413~425 (2011)
  34. Covin, J. G., "Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments", Strategic management journal, 10(1), pp.75~87 (1989)
  35. Cui, G., "Order of entry and performance of multinational corporations in an emerging market : A contingent resource perspective", Journal of International Marketing, 13(4), pp.28~56 (2005)
  36. Dess, G. G., "Porter's(1980)generic strategies as determinants of strategic group membership and organizational performance", Academy of Management journal, 27(3), pp.467~488 (1984)
  37. Doherty, B., "Social enterprises as hybrid organizations : A review and research agenda", International journal of management reviews, 16(4), pp.417~436 (2014)
  38. Dunkelberg, W., "Do entrepreneurial goals matter? Resource allocation in new owner-managed firms", Journal of Business Venturing, 28(2), pp.225~240 (2013)
  39. Elfring, T., "Networks in entrepreneurship : The case of high-technology firms", Small business economics, 21, pp.409~422 (2003)
  40. Elkington, J., "Partnerships from cannibals with forks : The triple bottom line of 21st-century business", Environmental quality management, 8(1), pp.37~51 (1998)
  41. Englehardt, C. S., "Organizational flexibility for a changing world", Leadership &Organization Development Journal, 23(3), pp.113~121 (2002)
  42. Epstein, M. J., "Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental and economic impacts" (2018), Routledge
  43. Fornell, C., "Structural equation models with un-observable variables and measurement error : Algebra and statistics", Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), pp.382~388 (1981)
  44. Forret, M. L., "Correlates of networking behavior for managerial and professional employees", Group & Organization Management, 26(3), pp.283~311 (2001)
  45. Forret, M. L., "Networking behaviors and career outcomes: differences for men and women?", Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(3), pp.419~437 (2004)
  46. Gulati, R., "Strategic networks", Strategic management journal, 21(3), pp.203~215 (2000)
  47. Hair, J. F., "An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research", Journal of the academy of marketing science, 40, pp.414~433 (2012)
  48. Hamel, G., "Strategic intent", Mckinsey quarterly, (1), pp.36~61 (1990)
  49. Hanif, M. I., "Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Network Resource Utilization on Internationalization of SME’s : Evidence from Pakistan", International Journal of Marketing Studies, 10(2), pp.118~131 (2018)
  50. Hart, S. L., "Creating sustainable value", Academy of Management Perspectives, 17(2), pp.56~67 (2003)
  51. Haseeb, M., "Role of social and technological challenges in achieving a sustainable competitive advantage and sustainable business performance", Sustainability, 11(14), pp.3811~ (2019)
  52. Henseler, J., "Testing measurement invariance of composites using partial least squares", International marketing review, 33(3), pp.405~431 (2016)
  53. Hitt, M. A., "Strategic management: Concepts and cases:Competitiveness and globalization" (2012), Cengage Learning
  54. Hsieh, S. C., "Analysis on literature review of competency", International Review of Business and Economics, 2(1), pp.25~50 (2012)
  55. Kalleberg, A. L., "Organizing flexibility : The flexible firm in a new century", British journal of industrial relations, 39(4), pp.479~504 (2001)
  56. Kaoun, T. M., "An Investigation of Corporate Leaders’ Experiences in using Emotional Intelligence while Leading Teams in Onsite and Virtual Environments", Doctor, pp.2024
  57. Kaur, H., "Understanding the concept of entrepreneur competency", Journal of Business Management & Social Sciences Research, 2(11), pp.31~33 (2013)
  58. Kaya, N., "Corporate entrepreneurship, generic competitive strategies, and firm performance in small and medium-sized enterprises", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 207, pp.662~668 (2015)
  59. Kellermanns, F., "The resource-based view in entrepreneurship : A content-analytical comparison of researchers' and entrepreneurs' views", Journal of small business management, 54(1), pp.26~48 (2016)
  60. Kim, P. H., "Social capital and entrepreneurship", Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship, 1(2), pp.55~104 (2005)
  61. Lai, A., "Corporate sustainable development : is ‘integrated reporting’a legitimation strategy?", Business Strategy and the Environment, 25(3), pp.165~177 (2016)
  62. Lechner, C., "Entrepreneurial orientation, firm strategy and small firm performance", International Small Business Journal, 32(1), pp.36~60 (2014)
  63. Lee, J., "Do Korean Small Firms Need a Competitive Strategy? : Strategic Effectiveness of Korean Small Firms", Korean Management Review, 49(5), pp.1191~1210 (2020)
  64. Lee, J., "People matter : Commitment to employees, strategy and performance in Korean firms", Strategic management journal, 20(6), pp.579~593 (1999)
  65. Leitner, K. H., "Generic strategies and firm performance in SMEs : a longitudinal study of Austrian SMEs", Small Business Economics, 35, pp.169~189 (2010)
  66. Liu, Q., "Product market competition and firm performance : business survival through innovation and entrepreneurial orientation amid COVID-19financial crisis", Frontiers in Psychology, 12, pp.790923~ (2022)
  67. Liu, Y., "Knowledge transfer in buyer-supplier relationships : The role of transactional and relational governance mechanisms", Journal of Business Research, 78, pp.285~293 (2017)
  68. Lopa, N. Z., "Relationship between entrepreneurial competencies of SME owners", managers and firm performance : A study on manufacturing SMEs in Khulna City, 2014, pp.3(3), 1~12
  69. Makadok, R., "Toward a synthesis of the resource-based and dynamic-capability views of rent creation", Strategic management journal, 22(5), pp.387~401 (2001)
  70. Man, W. Y. T., "Entrepreneurial competencies and the performance of small and medium enterprises in the Hong Kong services sector", pp.2001
  71. Man, T. W., "Entrepreneurial competencies and the performance of small and medium enterprises : An investigation through a framework of competitiveness", Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 21(3), pp.257~276 (2008)
  72. Maskey, R., "Use of exploratory factor analysis in maritime research", The Asian journal of shipping and logistics, 34(2), pp.91~111 (2018)
  73. Mathew, P. V, "Impact of responsible tourism on destination sustainability and quality of life of community in tourism destinations", Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 31, pp.83~89 (2017)
  74. McClelland, D. C., "Leadership motive pattern and long-term success in management", Journal of Applied psychology, 67(6), pp.737~ (1982)
  75. McDougall-Covin, P. P., "An Examination of the Impact of Initial Founding Conditions and Decisions Upon the Performance of New Bank Start-Ups", pp.2000
  76. McDougall, P., "New venture strategies : An empirical identification of eight ‘archetypes’ of competitive strategies for entry", Strategic Management Journal, 11(6), pp.447~467 (1990)
  77. Miller, D., "Relating Porter's business strategies to environment and structure : Analysis and performance implications", Academy of management Journal, 31(2), pp.280~308 (1988)
  78. Miller, D., "Porter's(1980)generic strategies and performance : an empirical examination with American data : part I : testing Porter", Organization studies, 7(1), pp.37~55 (1986)
  79. Mitchelmore, S., "Entrepreneurial competencies : a literature review and development agenda", International journal of entrepreneurial Behavior &Research, 16(2), pp.92~111 (2010)
  80. Mitrega, M., "Networking capability in supplier relationships and its impact on product innovation and firm performance", International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 37(5), pp.577~606 (2017)
  81. Morris, M. H., "A competency-based perspective on entrepreneurship education : conceptual and empirical insights", Journal of small business management, 51(3), pp.352~369 (2013)
  82. Morrow Jr, J. L., "Creating value in the face of declining performance : Firm strategies and organizational recovery", Strategic management journal, 28(3), pp.271~283 (2007)
  83. O'Connor, G. C., "Organizing for radical innovation : An exploratory study of the structural aspects of RI management systems in large established firms", Journal of product innovation management, 23(6), pp.475~497 (2006)
  84. Ortega, M. J. R., "Competitive strategies and firm performance : Technological capabilities' moderating roles", Journal of business research, 63(12), pp.1273~1281 (2010)
  85. Parnell, J. A., "Strategy as a response to organizational uncertainty : an alternative perspective on the strategy-performance relationship", Management decision, 38(8), pp.520~530 (2000)
  86. Pepple, G. J., "Entrepreneurial competencies : A required skill for business performance", European Journal of Business and Innovation Research, 8(3), pp.50~61 (2020)
  87. Porter, M. E., "Industry structure and competitive strategy : Keys to profitability", Financial analysts journal, 36(4), pp.30~41 (1980)
  88. Porter, M. E., "Technology and competitive advantage", Journal of business strategy, 5(3), pp.60~78 (1985)
  89. Prasad, A., "Organizational competencies and dynamic accounting information system capability : Impact on AIS processes and firm performance", Journal of Information Systems, 29(3), pp.123~149 (2015)
  90. Rumelt, R. P., "Handbook of entrepreneurship research:Interdisciplinary perspectives", pp.11~32 (2005), Springer US
  91. Sakib, M. N., "Entrepreneurial competencies and SMEs’ performance in a developing economy", Sustainability, 14(20), pp.13643~ (2022)
  92. Sarasvathy, S. D., "Causation and effectuation : Toward a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to entrepreneurial contingency", Academy of management Review, 26(2), pp.243~263 (2001)
  93. Sarstedt, M., "Partial least squares structural equation modeling(PLS-SEM) : A useful tool for family business researchers", Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(1), pp.105~115 (2014)
  94. Seibert, S. E., "A social capital theory of career success", Academy of management journal, 44(2), pp.219~237 (2001)
  95. Silva, P., "What is the value of entrepreneurial orientation on the network and performance? An examination in trade fairs context", Innovation & Management Review, 19(1), pp.62~83 (2022)
  96. Spanos, Y. E., "An examination into the causal logic of rent generation : contrasting Porter's competitive strategy framework and the resource-based perspective", Strategic management journal, 22(10), pp.907~934 (2001)
  97. Stonehouse, G., "Strategic planning in SMEs–some empirical findings", Management decision, 40(9), pp.853~861 (2002)
  98. Stuart, T. E., "Strategic networks and entrepreneurial ventures", Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1(3‐4), pp.211~227 (2007)
  99. Teece, D. J., "Dynamic capabilities and strategic management", Strategic management journal, 18(7), pp.509~533 (1997)
  100. Tenenhaus, M., "PLS path modeling", Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 48(1), pp.159~205 (2005)
  101. Walter, A., "The impact of network capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation on university spin-off performance", Journal of business venturing, 21(4), pp.541~567 (2006)
  102. Wang, C. K., "Determinants of venture performance in Singapore", Journal of small business management, 42(4), pp.347~363 (2004)
  103. Wasserman, N., "The throne vs. the kingdom : Founder control and value creation in startups", Strategic Management Journal, 38(2), pp.255~277 (2017)
  104. Wiklund, J., "Knowledge-based resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and the performance of small and medium-sized businesses", Strategic management journal, 24(13), pp.1307~1314 (2003)
  105. Wolff, H. G., "Effects of networking on career success : a longitudinal study", Journal of applied psychology, 94(1), pp.196~ (2009)
  106. Wu, X., "Current strategic planning for sustainability in international shipping", Environment, Development and Sustainability, 22, pp.1729~1747 (2020)
  107. Zaheer, A., "Benefiting from network position : firm capabilities, structural holes, and performance", Strategic management journal, 26(9), pp.809~825 (2005)
  108. Zehir, C., "Linking entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance : the role of differentiation strategy and innovation performance", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 210, pp.358~367 (2015)

관련 논문AI추천

창업자의 혁신역량 및 자기효능감이 창업 지속가능성에 미치는 영향: 경영성과의 매개효과를 중심으로황균정, QING CHENGLIN인문사회 21 · 인문사회 212023 · 제14권 제3호창업가 기초역량이 창업가 직무역량을 매개로 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구김은성, 이지원, 정해욱한국기업교육학회 · 기업교육과인재연구2021 · 제23권 제2호창업가의 역량이 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 메타분석김진수, 이혜영한국벤처창업학회 · 벤처창업연구2019 · 제14권 제5호소상공인의 창업가 역량이 기업성과에 미치는 영향: 경쟁자지향성 매개효과와 사회적 지지 조절효과김재철, 김재홍, 최낙희한국창업학회 · 한국창업학회지2021 · 제16권 제3호기술창업기업의 기업가 역량과 기술사업화 능력이 경영성과에 미치는 영향김명숙, 양수희, 정화영한국벤처창업학회 · 벤처창업연구2011 · 제6권 제4호창업기업의 기업가정신과 창업역량이 경쟁우위와 기업성과에 미치는 영향장명균한국전문경영인학회 · 전문경영인연구2019 · 제22권 제1호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (15건)

A Comparative Analysis of Entrepreneurship Education in Vocational Education and Training for People with Disabilities in Republic of Korea and Finland김영준, ArashGolnam, 최진희pp. 29-56청년자영업자의 기업가정신이 사업성과에 미치는 영향 : 긍정심리자본의 조절효과를 중심으로이주영, 김종성pp. 57-79AHP 기법을 활용한 실감미디어 창업 교육 교과목 우선순위 분석서국선, 안혜진, 이일한pp. 81-98벤처투자 후 성공기업과 실패기업에 관한 군집분석 : 투자자 관점으로김종아, 남정민, 김대홍pp. 99-114대학생의 기업가적역량과 창업의도 간의 영향관계 : 기업가적태도의 매개효과와 성취욕구의 조절효과김형민pp. 115-132
원문 보기