康津 沙堂里窯場 瓷器製作의 實狀과 特質-沙堂里窯場의 性格에 대한 比較史的 接近

Abstract

This study focused on clear differences between ceramics excavated from the Sadangri kiln sites in Gangjin and those excavated from other areas in Gangjin, and attempted to identify the causes of the differences. As part of such an effort, the study analyzed the conditions of producing ceramics in the Sadangri kilns and their characteristics, and reviewed the characteristics of these kilns based on the results of analysis. The following conclusions were obtained. The sedimentary layer of waste is the source that can provide the richest and most various information about the conditions and characteristics of the production of ceramics in a certain kiln. However, the sedimentary layer of waste in the ‘Ga (가)’ section at the center of the Sadangri kiln site is mostly composed of ceramic shards (瓷片) unlike other kilns in the Goryeo Dynasty. It seems that royal wares (御用瓷器) produced in other nearby kilns were moved to this section and that those failed to pass the screening process were destroyed. The sedimentary layer in this section seems to be a sedimentary pit or ditch composed of the discarded ceramic shards. This kind of sedimentary layers composed of ceramic shards are commonly observed in the kilns where royal wares were produced in Korea and China during the period. Ceramics excavated in the ‘Ga(가)’ section in the Sadangri kiln sites are clearly distinguished from those that were excavated from other kiln sites in Gangjin from the aspects of kinds and types of ware, patterns, methods of zhangshao(裝燒), etc. In other words, more various kinds and types of ceramics were found in this section, and the share of those that have patterns was relatively much higher in this section. In addition, the share of high-end ceramics that were baked on silica stones (硅石) was also high. This indicates that those excavated from the Sadangri kiln sites were inseparable from those that were produced as royal wares. The royal wares were produced based on the samples provided by the royal court, and it was mainly produced at kiln No. 7, 8-②, 23 and 27 in Sadangri and some seems to have been produced in nearby No. 41 and 43. It is assumed that these kilns in Sadangri started to produce royal wares at some point in the early celadon period. In terms of the characteristics of the Sadangri kilns, some studies suggested, based on the written materials excavated from these kiln sites, that the kilns were for the production of royal wares, but the opinion was built on insufficient evidence. Considering the celadon and wooden tablets that were recovered from the seabed of Daeseom Island, Taean, the Sadangri kiln sites seem to have been private kilns that produced not only royal wares but also commercial wares. Moreover, from the perspective of producing and supplying royal wares, Sadangri kilns seem to be relatively similar to private kilns that produced customized ceramics based on samples (製樣須索窯), like Qingliangsi Ru kiln in the late North Song Dynasty or Jian kilns from the late North Song Dynasty to the early South Song Dynasty.