18~19세기 전라좌수영의 무기체계와 수조실태

Abstract

The Jeolla Jwasuyeong was one of the divisions of the Joseon Navy. In Joseon, the Navy established its headquarters, known as the Tongjeyeong, and its naval divisions in special naval commands known as the Jeolla Jwasuyeong, Jeolla Usuyeong, Gyeongsang Jwasuyeong, and Chungcheong Suyeong. The term Jung-gi refers to an accounting ledger or inventory report that was prepared on a regular basis to prevent leakages or losses of state property, or to a document of a property handover between former officials due to a change in management. The Junggi document of the Jeolla Jwasuyeong, called Hojwayeong jung-gi, written in April 1837, records information on warships and weapons among other matters. This paper aims to analyze the naval training and armament systems of the Jeolla Jwasuyeong from the mid-eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth century based on an examination of the Hojwayeong jung-gi. It covers such matters as the size of the fleet, combat personnel, operational personnel, and weaponry including firearms, shields, and armor. Furthermore, the Hojwayeong jung-gi records the supply of gunpowder and bullets during maritime training exercises, known as sujo, from 1734 to 1772. This record was used as a source material in the analysis of the naval training situation at the Jeolla Jwasuyeong.During this period, twenty-five naval exercises were conducted, with the majority (twenty-two exercises) taking place in the fall and the rest in the spring (three exercises). Additionally, it is possible to determine the amount of gunpowder and the total number of bullets etc. used in one naval exercise. The last year gunpowder was used in guns and cannons during the "Hojwayeong jung-gi" was 1772 and there are no records of gunpowder use thereafter. It seems that after 1773, the Jeolla Jwasuyeong did not use gunpowder in the maritime training exercises, even though such exercises generally involved gunnery practice with guns and bows on board a ship. However, after examining the maritime training trends of the Jeolla Jwasuyeong as described in the Hojwayeong jung-gi, it becomes evident that the frequency of training suspensions increased after 1780, and that there was a tendency not to use gunpowder weapons even during maritime training exercises.